Grützmacher G, Hindel R, Kantor W, Wimmer R
FU Berlin, Fachrichtung Rohstoff- und Umweltgeologie, Maltheserstrasse 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany.
Waste Manag. 2001;21(2):127-37. doi: 10.1016/s0956-053x(00)00062-3.
In a large area around the former open-pit lignite mines near Bitterfeld, Germany, groundwater taken from wells was analyzed for the major cations, anions, and trace elements. Quaternary and Tertiary sediments were collected from aquifers exposed on the sides of the pits and from boreholes outside the mines and analyzed for major and trace elements, as well as for carbonate, pyritic sulfur and total organic carbon. The pH and electrical conductivity of the sediments in suspension were measured. Significant differences were determined between the Tertiary sediments of the aquifers that were exposed to atmospheric oxygen during the lowering of the groundwater table and those outside the cone of depression. The greatest differences were found in the pyrite content, the pH values, and the electrical conductivity. In order to map the degree to which the mining of the lignite has affected the quality of the groundwater in the study area, the water samples were divided into six classes on the basis of their sulfate content. The neutralization potential was calculated to estimate the potential for acidification. Prediction of future groundwater quality is based on both (i) the present composition of the groundwater, surface water, and Quaternary and Tertiary aquifer sediments and (ii) the present and future groundwater flow directions. These studies have shown which parameters are important for future groundwater monitoring.
在德国比特费尔德附近的前露天褐煤矿周围的大片区域，对从井中抽取的地下水进行了主要阳离子、阴离子和微量元素分析。从矿坑两侧暴露的含水层以及矿外钻孔采集了第四纪和第三纪沉积物，分析了其中的主要和微量元素，以及碳酸盐、黄铁矿硫和总有机碳。测量了悬浮沉积物的pH值和电导率。确定了地下水位下降期间暴露于大气氧的含水层的第三纪沉积物与降落漏斗外的沉积物之间存在显著差异。在黄铁矿含量、pH值和电导率方面发现了最大差异。为了绘制褐煤开采对研究区域地下水质量的影响程度图，根据水样的硫酸盐含量将其分为六类。计算了中和潜力以估计酸化潜力。未来地下水质量的预测基于：（i）地下水、地表水以及第四纪和第三纪含水层沉积物的当前成分；（ii）当前和未来的地下水流向。这些研究表明了哪些参数对未来的地下水监测很重要。
