Baker H W, Liu D Y, Garrett C, Martic M
University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Services Melbourne IVF and Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Asian J Androl. 2000 Sep;2(3):172-8.
We developed tests of sperm-oocyte interaction: sperm-zona binding, zona-induced acrosome reaction, spermzona penetration and sperm-oolemma binding, using oocytes which failed to fertilise in clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF). Although oocyte defects contribute to failure of sperm oocyte interaction, rarely are all oocytes from one woman affected. Low or zero fertilization in standard IVF was usually caused by sperm abnormalities. Poor sperm-zona pellucida binding was frequently associated with failure of standard IVF and obvious defects of sperm motility or morphology. The size and shape of the acrosome is particularly important for sperm binding to the oocyte. The proportion of acrosome intact sperm in the insemination medium was related to the IVF rate. Inducing the acrosome reaction with a calcium ionophore reduced sperm-zona binding. Blocking acrosome dispersal with an acrosin inhibitor prevented spermzona penetration. Sperm-zona penetration was even more highly related to IVF rates than was sperm-zona binding. Some patients had low or zero fertilization rates with standard IVF but normal sperm by conventional tests and normal sperm-zona binding. Few of their sperm underwent the acrosome reaction on the surface of the zona and none penetrated the zona. In contrast, fertilization and pregnancy rates were high with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. We call this condition defective zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction. Discovery of the nature of the abnormalities in the signal transduction and effector pathways of the human zona pellucida induced acrosome reaction should result in simpler tests and treatments for the patients and also provide new leads for contraceptive development.
我们利用在临床体外受精（IVF）中未能受精的卵母细胞，开发了精子 - 卵母细胞相互作用的测试方法：精子 - 透明带结合、透明带诱导的顶体反应、精子穿透透明带以及精子与卵细胞膜结合。尽管卵母细胞缺陷会导致精子 - 卵母细胞相互作用失败，但很少有来自一名女性的所有卵母细胞都会受到影响。标准IVF中低受精率或零受精率通常是由精子异常引起的。精子与透明带结合不良常常与标准IVF失败以及精子活力或形态的明显缺陷有关。顶体的大小和形状对于精子与卵母细胞的结合尤为重要。授精培养基中顶体完整的精子比例与IVF率相关。用钙离子载体诱导顶体反应会降低精子与透明带的结合。用顶体蛋白酶抑制剂阻断顶体扩散可防止精子穿透透明带。与精子 - 透明带结合相比，精子穿透透明带与IVF率的相关性更高。一些患者在标准IVF中受精率低或为零，但通过传统测试精子正常且精子与透明带结合正常。他们的精子很少在透明带表面发生顶体反应，也没有一个能穿透透明带。相比之下，卵胞浆内单精子注射的受精率和妊娠率较高。我们将这种情况称为透明带缺陷诱导的顶体反应。发现人类透明带诱导顶体反应的信号转导和效应途径异常的本质，应为患者带来更简单的检测和治疗方法，也为避孕研发提供新的线索。
