Prado V, Giangrieco M, Durán C, Ojeda A, van Flaskamp R
Unidad de Microbiología, Oriente, Programa de Microbiología y Micrología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 2000 Dec;128(12):1319-26.
Respiratory pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobials. A new group of drugs, called respiratory quinolones have been synthesized to overcome this problem.
To study the in vitro susceptibility of respiratory pathogens to old and new antimicrobials.
Forty five strains of S pneumoniae, 44 strains of H influenzae, 21 strains of M catarrhalis, 10 strains of methicillin susceptible S aureus and 20 strains of methicillin resistant S aureus were studied. All were isolated from community acquired respiratory infections during 1999. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of moxifloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clarithromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were determined using the Etest method. Beta-lactamase production by H influenzae and M catarrhalis was also studied.
S pneumoniae strains were 100% susceptible to quinolones and cotrimoxazole, 2% were resistant to macrolides, 11% were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and 47% were resistant to cefuroxime. H influenzae was 100% susceptible to quinolones, azithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. There was a 53% resistance to cotrimoxazole, 21% to amoxicillin, 9% to clarithromycin and 7% to cefuroxime. M catarrahalis was 100% susceptible to quinolones and 100% resistant to amoxicillin, 5% resistant to macrolides, 14% resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 20% to cefuroxime and 30% to cotrimoxazole. Methicillin susceptible S aureus was susceptible to all antimicrobials and methicillin resistant S aureus was resistant to all.
Maxifloxacin and the new respiratory quinolones can be useful in the treatment of respiratory infections.
呼吸道病原体对抗菌药物的耐药性日益增强。已合成了一类名为呼吸喹诺酮类的新型药物以克服这一问题。
研究呼吸道病原体对新旧抗菌药物的体外敏感性。
研究了45株肺炎链球菌、44株流感嗜血杆菌、21株卡他莫拉菌、10株甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌和20株甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌。所有菌株均于1999年从社区获得性呼吸道感染中分离得到。采用Etest法测定莫西沙星、阿莫西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星的最低抑菌浓度。还研究了流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌的β-内酰胺酶产生情况。
肺炎链球菌菌株对喹诺酮类和复方新诺明100%敏感，对大环内酯类耐药2%，对阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药11%，对头孢呋辛耐药47%。流感嗜血杆菌对喹诺酮类、阿奇霉素和阿莫西林/克拉维酸100%敏感。对复方新诺明耐药53%，对阿莫西林耐药21%，对克拉霉素耐药9%，对头孢呋辛耐药7%。卡他莫拉菌对喹诺酮类100%敏感，对阿莫西林100%耐药，对大环内酯类耐药5%，对阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药14%，对头孢呋辛耐药20%，对复方新诺明耐药30%。甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌对所有抗菌药物敏感，甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌对所有抗菌药物耐药。
莫西沙星和新型呼吸喹诺酮类药物可用于治疗呼吸道感染。
