Pearson D, Rogers A T, Moss E
Department of Medical Physics, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
Br J Radiol. 2001 Jan;74(877):62-8. doi: 10.1259/bjr.74.877.740062.
The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR99) require that an explicit risk assessment be carried out to control properly the risks associated with the use of ionising radiation. Prior to IRR99, risk was controlled implicitly via mechanisms such as Local Rules and staff monitoring, which were initiated by the Radiation Protection Adviser using professional judgement. To enable a consistent approach across our Trust's radiation users, a generic model of risk assessment was employed. This had been developed previously by the Trust in response to a national initiative within the NHS to manage risk. The methodology involves the generation, by a multidisciplinary staff brain-storming session, of a complete list of all possible risks. This is followed by a risk stratification process based upon severity of consequence and frequency of risk. Auditable controls are then applied and quantifiable outcome measures are monitored for continued compliance. Template risk assessments are presented to aid others in this process. It is estimated that even in a large teaching hospital with a full complement of medical radiation applications, the time resource necessary for this approach is of the order of a few days.
1999年《电离辐射规例》（IRR99）要求进行明确的风险评估，以妥善控制与使用电离辐射相关的风险。在IRR99之前，风险是通过地方规则和工作人员监测等机制进行隐性控制的，这些机制由辐射防护顾问运用专业判断启动。为了在我们信托机构的辐射使用者中采取一致的方法，采用了一种通用的风险评估模型。这是信托机构此前应国民保健制度（NHS）内部一项管理风险的全国性倡议而开发的。该方法包括通过多学科工作人员头脑风暴会议生成所有可能风险的完整清单。随后根据后果的严重程度和风险发生的频率进行风险分层。然后应用可审计的控制措施，并监测可量化的结果指标以确保持续合规。提供了模板风险评估以协助其他人进行此过程。据估计，即使在一家拥有全套医疗辐射应用的大型教学医院，采用这种方法所需的时间资源也约为几天。
