Reese L E, Vera E M, Simon T R, Ikeda R M
Division of Violence Prevention, National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-60, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2000 Mar;3(1):61-77. doi: 10.1023/a:1009519503260.
This paper reviews research which discusses the risk and protective functions that families and other caregivers provide in influencing the development of aggressive behavior in youth. Currently, there is an emphasis on providing violence prevention programs in the school environment, typically with little parental or caregiver involvement. By enhancing the role of families and caregivers in youth violence prevention programs, we assert that an unique opportunity exists to both address specific risk factors for violence while enhancing the protective features of the family. Relatedly, the risk literature on youth violence indicates that the most influential risk factors (i.e., the family, community, and peers) have their principle impact on youth aggression outside the school. We suggest a shift in the focus of violence prevention programming that is more inclusive of families as both a risk and protective agent. In support of this position, relevant theory and reviews of exemplary family-involved programs are offered. Challenges to involving youth caregivers are identified and recommendations for overcoming those challenges suggested. Last, recommendations for future research and public policy in the prevention of youth violence are offered.
本文回顾了一些研究，这些研究探讨了家庭及其他照顾者在影响青少年攻击性行为发展方面所具有的风险和保护作用。当前，人们着重于在学校环境中开展预防暴力项目，而家长或照顾者的参与通常很少。通过强化家庭和照顾者在青少年暴力预防项目中的作用，我们认为存在一个独特的机会，既能解决暴力行为的特定风险因素，又能增强家庭的保护功能。相关地，关于青少年暴力的风险文献表明，最具影响力的风险因素（即家庭、社区和同龄人）主要是在学校之外对青少年的攻击性产生影响。我们建议将预防暴力项目的重点进行转移，使其更全面地纳入家庭，将家庭视为一个既具有风险又具有保护作用的因素。为支持这一立场，我们提供了相关理论以及对典型的家庭参与项目的综述。我们确定了让青少年照顾者参与其中所面临的挑战，并提出了克服这些挑战的建议。最后，我们给出了关于预防青少年暴力的未来研究和公共政策的建议。
