The role of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy using low-dose fraction cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.

OBJECTIVE

We clarified the role of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus and compared it to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODS

We retrospectively examined 40 patients diagnosed with advanced thoracic esophageal carcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by esophagectomy between 1993 and 1999. We divided them into 2 groups: radiochemotherapy (17) and chemotherapy (23). Radiochemotherapy patients underwent 40 Gy radiation and low-dose fraction cisplatin (7 mg/body/day, 5 days a week x 4 weeks) and 5-fluorouracil (350 mg/body/day x 28 days). Chemotherapy patients received high-dose fraction cisplatin/5-fluorouracil involving 2 courses of cisplatin (70 mg/m2/day on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (700 mg/m2/day on days 1-5).

RESULTS

Complete pathological response was 17.6% in the radiochemotherapy group and 0% in the chemotherapy group respectively. No hospital mortality occurred in the radiochemotherapy group, and 1 of the 23 chemotherapy patients died in the hospital due to postoperative complications. The incidence of residual tumors was significantly higher in the chemotherapy group (34.8%) than in the radiochemotherapy group (0%). Actuarial survival in the radiochemotherapy group at 1 year was 80.2% and at 3 years 53.5%. Actuarial survival in the chemotherapy group at 1 year was 56.5% and at 3 years 30.4%.

CONCLUSIONS

Histological effectiveness was greater in patients treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy than those treated with preoperative chemotherapy. The combination of radiation and low-dose fraction CDDP/5-FU thus is first choice in neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for the advanced esophageal carcinoma.