Schulz H, Walther B W
Klinikum Erfurt GmbH, Klinik für Neurologie, Erfurt.
Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2001 Jan;95(1):4-10.
When sleep was recognized as an active process which is regulated by the interaction of homeostatic and circadian systems a new understanding of sleep disturbances set in, and sleep medicine developed as a new medical speciality. An internationally recognized classification system was developed which allows to diagnose the different sleep disturbances reliably. Sleep disorders comprise (a) dysregulations of the sleep-wake system (insomnias, hypersomnias, narcolepsy, parasomnias), (b) sleep associated disturbances of functional systems (for example sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome), (c) disturbances of the circadian sleep-wake rhythm, and (d) sleep disturbances in association with other organic or psychiatric illnesses. The present contribution shows the diagnostic procedures for four main sleep disorders, namely insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and narcolepsy.
当睡眠被视为一个由内稳态系统和昼夜节律系统相互作用调节的活跃过程时，人们对睡眠障碍有了新的认识，睡眠医学也发展成为一门新的医学专科。国际上认可的分类系统得以开发，从而能够可靠地诊断不同的睡眠障碍。睡眠障碍包括：(a) 睡眠-觉醒系统失调（失眠、嗜睡症、发作性睡病、异态睡眠），(b) 与功能系统相关的睡眠障碍（例如睡眠呼吸暂停、不宁腿综合征），(c) 昼夜睡眠-觉醒节律紊乱，以及 (d) 与其他器质性或精神疾病相关的睡眠障碍。本文介绍了四种主要睡眠障碍，即失眠、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSAS）、不宁腿综合征（RLS）和发作性睡病的诊断程序。
