Fagnoni F F, Robustelli della Cuna G
Medical Oncology Division, IRCCS Fondazione S. Maugeri, Clinica del Lavoro e della Riabilitazione, Istituto Scientifico di Pavia, Italy.
J Chemother. 2001 Feb;13(1):15-23. doi: 10.1179/joc.2001.13.1.15.
Cancer immunotherapy is still largely confined to the laboratory bench and experimental animal models. Yet the field is rapidly moving forward and some immunological tools are now entering into clinical use. The first and perhaps best example of such progress is given by bioengineered humanized monoclonal antibodies of which some have been already approved for therapy in B-cell lymphoma and breast cancer. Unexpectedly, another remarkable form of immunotherapy has turned out to derive from T-cell adoptive therapy associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Its benefits render such an approach the first choice therapy for a large number of hematological malignancies and it is now being adapted also for treatment of advanced solid tumors. Finally, harnessing the immune system against the autologous tumor remains the most ambitious but still distant design for immunotherapy. Recent technical advances and a better understanding of the immune system in cancer patients should concur in defining the best strategy for active immunotherapy in clinical oncology.
癌症免疫疗法在很大程度上仍局限于实验室研究和实验动物模型。然而，该领域正在迅速发展，一些免疫工具现已进入临床应用。生物工程人源化单克隆抗体就是这一进展的首个且或许是最佳例证，其中一些已被批准用于治疗B细胞淋巴瘤和乳腺癌。出乎意料的是，另一种显著的免疫疗法源自与异基因骨髓移植相关的T细胞过继性疗法。其优势使这种方法成为大量血液系统恶性肿瘤的首选治疗方法，目前也正被应用于晚期实体瘤的治疗。最后，利用免疫系统对抗自体肿瘤仍是免疫疗法最宏伟但仍遥不可及的设计。近期的技术进步以及对癌症患者免疫系统的更好理解，应有助于确定临床肿瘤学中主动免疫疗法的最佳策略。
