Scopelliti D, Orsini R, Ventucci E, Verdino G
ASL Roma E, Polo Ospedaliero S. Spirito Presidio Ospedaliero Villa Betania Unità Organizzativa di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale, Roma.
Minerva Stomatol. 2000 Jul-Aug;49(7-8):355-68.
Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique: its main purpose is to induce a mechanically stimulated bone tissue augmentation. A controlled tension, developed by a slow and gradual separation of the corticotomized/osteotomized bone segments, induces new bone formation and related soft tissue augmentation. In this way, we can observe a more harmonious tissue augmentation, better than with traditional techniques as osteotomies with grafts. This procedure, initially applied in orthopedic field for limb lengthening, is now also applied in the cranio-facial field. The most important features of distraction osteogenesis consist in the simplicity of execution, the lack of donor site morbidity and the simultaneous expansion of bone and related soft tissue. Besides, the technique is still at the beginning and requires further acknowledgements, before being widespread used to treat cranio-facial malformations. Disadvantages in bone distraction are related to the external device and consist in esthetic discomfort during treatment, and cutaneous scars. Recently, to solve these problems an intraoral distraction device was proposed. Distraction osteogenesis has now an expanding role in cranio-facial surgery.
其主要目的是诱导机械刺激的骨组织增大。通过对皮质切开/截骨的骨段进行缓慢、逐渐的分离而产生的可控张力，可诱导新骨形成及相关软组织增大。通过这种方式，我们可以观察到比传统技术（如带骨移植的截骨术）更和谐的组织增大。该手术最初应用于骨科领域的肢体延长，现在也应用于颅面领域。牵张成骨术最重要的特点在于操作简单、无供区并发症以及骨和相关软组织的同时扩张。此外，该技术仍处于起步阶段，在广泛用于治疗颅面畸形之前，还需要进一步的认知。骨牵张的缺点与外部装置有关，包括治疗期间的美学不适和皮肤瘢痕。最近，为了解决这些问题，有人提出了一种口腔内牵张装置。牵张成骨术目前在颅面外科中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
