Hafner J
Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsspital Zürich.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2001 Feb 8;90(6):197-204.
This article deals with the conservative management of light and severe forms of varicosities as well as chronic venous insufficiency along with subjective symptoms and trophic skin changes. Approximately 40% of the population shows minor forms and another 10% shows major forms of varicosities. The prevalence of advanced stages of chronic venous insufficiency is approximately 3%. Compression therapy represents the mainstay of anti-edema treatment. Elastic bandages are mainly used during the acute phase, and compression stockings are rather recommended to maintain the result. The differences of short stretch and long stretch bandages, as well as the classes of compression therapy are discussed. Physical therapy, such as joint mobilization, ambulation exercises, and lymph drainage may further support edema reduction in severe cases. Edema-protective drugs can be justified as adjuvant treatment. The pharmacology and action of these substances has been further elucidated by both laboratory and clinical studies. It has been shown that the continuous use of these substances during 8-12 weeks can reach the anti-edematous effect of class II-stockings. Sclerotherapy is especially useful in the treatment of smaller caliper reticular varicosities and teleangiectatic veins. The development of new vascular lasers with a long pulse duration has added to the options in the treatment of leg teleangiectasias, although these expensive techniques cannot be regarded a standard therapy. Advanced stages of chronic venous insufficiency are also amenable to conservative treatment. In these cases, an exact vascular examination is highly recommended. Interventional treatment of relevant peripheral arterial disease and of superficial venous insufficiency can impressively improve the quality of life of these patients, even at an elderly age. Moreover, the role and differential indication of synthetic dressings in the local therapy of chronic leg ulcers is explained in-depth.
本文探讨了轻度和重度静脉曲张以及慢性静脉功能不全的保守治疗方法,以及主观症状和皮肤营养变化。大约40%的人群有轻度静脉曲张,另外10%有重度静脉曲张。慢性静脉功能不全晚期的患病率约为3%。压迫疗法是抗水肿治疗的主要手段。弹力绷带主要在急性期使用,而推荐使用弹力袜来维持治疗效果。文中讨论了短拉伸和长拉伸绷带的区别以及压迫治疗的分级。物理治疗,如关节活动、步行锻炼和淋巴引流,在严重病例中可进一步辅助减轻水肿。使用水肿保护药物作为辅助治疗是合理的。实验室和临床研究进一步阐明了这些物质的药理学和作用机制。研究表明,连续使用这些物质8至12周可达到二级弹力袜的抗水肿效果。硬化疗法在治疗较细的网状静脉曲张和毛细血管扩张症方面特别有用。长脉冲持续时间的新型血管激光的出现增加了腿部毛细血管扩张症的治疗选择,尽管这些昂贵的技术不能被视为标准疗法。慢性静脉功能不全的晚期也适合保守治疗。在这些情况下,强烈建议进行精确的血管检查。对相关外周动脉疾病和浅静脉功能不全进行介入治疗,即使在老年患者中也能显著提高这些患者的生活质量。此外,还深入解释了合成敷料在慢性腿部溃疡局部治疗中的作用和区别性适应证。