Gerencser G A, Zhang J
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
J Exp Zool. 2001 Apr 1;289(4):215-23. doi: 10.1002/1097-010x(20010401/30)289:4<215::aid-jez2>3.0.co;2-s.
Five widely documented mechanisms of chloride transport across plasma membranes are anion-coupled antiport, sodium and hydrogen-coupled symport, Cl(-)channels, and an electrochemical coupling process. No genetic evidence has yet been provided for primary active chloride transport despite numerous reports of cellular Cl(-)-stimulated ATPases co-existing, in the same tissue, with uphill chloride transport that could not be accounted for by the five common chloride transport processes. Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity is a common property of practically all biological cells with the major location being of mitochondrial origin. It also appears that plasma membranes are sites of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity. Recent studies of Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase activity and active chloride transport in the same membrane system, including liposomes, suggest a medication by the ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes. Further studies, especially from a molecular biological perspective, are required to confirm a direct transport role to plasma membrane-localized Cl(-)-stimulated ATPases. J. Exp. Zool. 289:215-223, 2001.
目前已有充分文献记载的五种氯离子跨质膜转运机制为阴离子偶联反向转运、钠氢偶联同向转运、氯离子通道以及一种电化学偶联过程。尽管有大量报道称，在同一组织中，细胞内氯离子刺激的ATP酶与无法用五种常见氯离子转运过程解释的氯离子上坡转运同时存在，但尚未有原发性主动氯离子转运的遗传学证据。氯离子刺激的ATP酶活性是几乎所有生物细胞的共同特性，主要定位于线粒体。质膜似乎也是氯离子刺激的ATP酶活性的位点。最近对包括脂质体在内的同一膜系统中氯离子刺激的ATP酶活性和主动氯离子转运的研究表明，ATP酶在氯离子逆其电化学梯度跨质膜的净转运中发挥作用。需要进一步的研究，特别是从分子生物学角度进行的研究，以证实质膜定位的氯离子刺激的ATP酶具有直接转运作用。《实验动物学杂志》289:215 - 223，2001年。
