Okun A, Lentz T J, Schulte P, Stayner L
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Education and Information Division, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2001 Mar;39(3):301-11. doi: 10.1002/1097-0274(200103)39:3<301::aid-ajim1018>3.0.co;2-l.
Approximately one-third (32%) of U.S. workers are employed in small business industries (those with 80% of workers in establishments with fewer than 100 employees), and approximately 53 million persons in private industry work in small business establishments. This study was performed to identify small business industries at high risk for occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
Small business industries were identified from among all three- and four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and ranked using Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data by rates and numbers of occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Both incidence rates and number of injury, illness, and fatality cases were evaluated.
The 253 small business industries identified accounted for 1,568 work-related fatalities (34% of all private industry). Transportation incidents and violent acts were the leading causes of these fatalities. Detailed injury and illness data were available for 105 small business industries, that accounted for 1,476,400 work-related injuries, and 55,850 occupational illnesses. Many of the small business industries had morbidity and mortality rates exceeding the average rates for all private industry. The highest risk small business industries, based on a combined morbidity and mortality index, included logging, cut stone and stone products, truck terminals, and roofing, siding, and sheet metal work.
Identification of high-risk small business industries indicates priorities for those interested in developing targeted prevention programs.
约三分之一（32%）的美国工人受雇于小企业行业（即80%的工人就职于员工人数少于100人的企业），约5300万私营企业员工在小企业工作。本研究旨在确定职业伤害、疾病和死亡风险较高的小企业行业。
从小企业行业的所有三位数和四位数标准产业分类（SIC）代码中识别出相关行业，并使用劳工统计局（BLS）的数据，按职业伤害、疾病和死亡的发生率及数量进行排名。对发病率以及受伤、患病和死亡病例数均进行了评估。
确定的253个小企业行业共发生1568起与工作相关的死亡事件（占所有私营企业的34%）。交通事故和暴力行为是这些死亡事件的主要原因。有105个小企业行业提供了详细的受伤和患病数据，这些行业共发生1476400起与工作相关的伤害事件和55850起职业病。许多小企业行业的发病率和死亡率超过了所有私营企业的平均水平。根据综合发病率和死亡率指数，风险最高的小企业行业包括伐木、切割石材及石材制品、货运站以及屋面、墙面和金属板加工。
识别高风险的小企业行业为有意制定针对性预防计划的人员指明了重点方向。
