Saper J R, Yosselson S
Postgrad Med. 1975 Apr;57(4):89-94.
The complications resulting from increased intracranial pressure are serious and include visual impairment, compromise of venous and arterial circulation, and brain herniation. Thus, early diagnosis of increased pressure is essential. The presence of papilledema is important in making the diagnosis; however, important exceptions exist. Diagnostic lumbar puncture is not usually a recommended procedure. The choice of therapeutic agents depends mainly on the urgency of the clinical situation and the clinician's experience. The hypertonic osmotic diuretics rapidly reduce elevated intracranial pressure but, with the exception of glycerol, must be restricted to urgent situations because of complications associated with their use.
颅内压升高引起的并发症很严重，包括视力损害、静脉和动脉循环受损以及脑疝形成。因此，早期诊断颅内压升高至关重要。视乳头水肿的存在对诊断很重要；然而，也存在重要的例外情况。诊断性腰椎穿刺通常不是推荐的操作。治疗药物的选择主要取决于临床情况的紧急程度和临床医生的经验。高渗性渗透性利尿剂能迅速降低升高的颅内压，但除甘油外，由于使用它们会产生并发症，必须仅限于紧急情况使用。
