Bromley S K, Burack W R, Johnson K G, Somersalo K, Sims T N, Sumen C, Davis M M, Shaw A S, Allen P M, Dustin M L
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:375-96. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.375.
The adaptive immune response is initiated by the interaction of T cell antigen receptors with major histocompatibility complex molecule-peptide complexes in the nanometer scale gap between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell, referred to as an immunological synapse. In this review we focus on the concept of immunological synapse formation as it relates to membrane structure, T cell polarity, signaling pathways, and the antigen-presenting cell. Membrane domains provide an organizational principle for compartmentalization within the immunological synapse. T cell polarization by chemokines increases T cell sensitivity to antigen. The current model is that signaling and formation of the immunological synapse are tightly interwoven in mature T cells. We also extend this model to natural killer cell activation, where the inhibitory NK synapse provides a striking example in which inhibition of signaling leaves the synapse in its nascent, inverted state. The APC may also play an active role in immunological synapse formation, particularly for activation of naïve T cells.
适应性免疫反应由T细胞抗原受体与主要组织相容性复合体分子 - 肽复合物在T细胞与抗原呈递细胞之间纳米级间隙中的相互作用引发，该间隙称为免疫突触。在本综述中，我们关注免疫突触形成的概念，因为它与膜结构、T细胞极性、信号通路和抗原呈递细胞相关。膜结构域为免疫突触内的区室化提供了组织原则。趋化因子引起的T细胞极化增加了T细胞对抗原的敏感性。目前的模型认为，在成熟T细胞中，信号传导和免疫突触的形成紧密交织。我们还将此模型扩展到自然杀伤细胞的激活，其中抑制性NK突触提供了一个显著的例子，即信号传导的抑制使突触处于其初始的、倒置的状态。抗原呈递细胞在免疫突触形成中也可能发挥积极作用，特别是对于初始T细胞的激活。
