Kacew S
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa University, 451, Smyth Road, Ontario, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8M5.
Toxicology. 2001 Mar 7;160(1-3):87-96. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00440-6.
The necessity for understanding normal human functions and the mechanisms which underlie dysfunction in these processes is essential in the promotion of a healthier lifestyle. To achieve this goal utilization of a suitable animal model is necessary in order to develop new pharmaceutical agents to alleviate diseases or chemicals to enhance the quality of life. It is incumbent upon investigators to choose a species in which pharmacokinetic principles are established and it is important that these phenomena resemble those of the humans. The choice of rats has specific advantages in that these rodents possess similar pharmacodynamic parameters to humans. Other advantages include availability, low cost, ease of breeding, and an extensive literature data-base to enable comparisons to present findings. However, in the interpretation of data from animals to humans, there are factors which need to be recognized as playing important roles in chemical-induced outcomes. The confounding factors include strain, supplier, age, gender, hormonal status and dietary intake. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that there are differences in the responsiveness of rat stock/strains to chemicals and that lack of consideration of confounding factors yields inappropriate conclusions regarding risk assessment for humans.
了解正常人体功能以及这些过程中功能障碍的潜在机制对于促进更健康的生活方式至关重要。为了实现这一目标，利用合适的动物模型来开发新的药物以减轻疾病或开发化学物质以提高生活质量是必要的。研究人员有责任选择一种已确立药代动力学原理的物种，并且这些现象与人类的现象相似很重要。选择大鼠有其特定优势，因为这些啮齿动物具有与人类相似的药效学参数。其他优势包括可得性、低成本、易于繁殖以及有广泛的文献数据库以便能够将当前研究结果进行比较。然而，在将动物数据解读为人类数据时，有一些因素需要被认识到在化学物质诱导的结果中起着重要作用。混杂因素包括品系、供应商、年龄、性别、激素状态和饮食摄入。本文的目的是证明大鼠种群/品系对化学物质的反应存在差异，并且不考虑混杂因素会得出关于人类风险评估的不恰当结论。
