Matheson D H, Collins C L, Kuehne V S
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2000;51(4):245-57. doi: 10.2190/LL3H-VKE8-QAT1-7M9M.
Although the nature of younger adults' attitudes toward older adults has been researched extensively, there are long-neglected questions regarding older adults' views of young adults. In the first phase of this three phase study, community dwelling seniors generated traits they believed characterized young people. In the second phase, a subsample of the original participants sorted the traits into groups that could be found in one and the same young person. Fifteen stereotypes appeared when these results were submitted to hierarchical cluster analysis. In the final phase, a subsample of the original older adult participants rated how typical each of the stereotypes was of younger people. As well, each of the stereotypes were rated using an abbreviated version of Kogan and Wallach's (1961) semantic differential scale. Results indicate that the stereotypes older people hold of younger people are generally more positive than negative. Further, the positive stereotypes are viewed as more typical of younger adults than are the negative stereotypes.
尽管关于年轻人对老年人态度的本质已得到广泛研究,但有关老年人对年轻人看法的问题却长期被忽视。在这个三阶段研究的第一阶段,居住在社区的老年人列举出了他们认为是年轻人特征的特质。在第二阶段,从最初的参与者中抽取的一个子样本将这些特质归类到能在同一个年轻人身上找到的类别中。当对这些结果进行层次聚类分析时,出现了15种刻板印象。在最后阶段,最初参与研究的老年参与者子样本对每种刻板印象在年轻人中的典型程度进行了评分。此外,还使用了科根和瓦拉赫(1961年)语义差异量表的简化版对每种刻板印象进行评分。结果表明,老年人对年轻人持有的刻板印象总体上积极多于消极。此外,与负面刻板印象相比,正面刻板印象被认为在年轻人中更具代表性。