Adams H S, Kenny L C, Nieuwenhuijsen M J, Colvile R N, Gussman R A
lmperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, T.H. Huxley School of Environment, Earth Sciences and Engineering, London, UK.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2001 Jan-Feb;11(1):5-11. doi: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500152.
A high-flow personal sampler (HFPS) for airborne particulate matter has been developed and fully characterised, and validation tests have been carried out. The sampler is a low-cost gravimetric instrument designed to collect particulate matter with a 50% cut point at 2.5 microm aerodynamic equivalent diameter (PM2.5), where size selection is achieved by the use of porous polyurethane foam. Development of a porous foam selector was chosen over a cyclone or impactor due to the lightweight, low-cost, and compact design that could be achieved. The sampler flow rate of 16 1/min is achieved using a portable, flow-controlled pump; this flow rate is far higher than that of conventional personal samplers and the HFPS can therefore be used for personal sampling in the ambient environment over short sampling periods of much less than 24 h. The HFPS is currently being used in a study of particle exposure of urban transport users (cyclists, car drivers, bus and Underground rail passengers) where personal sampling over short time periods representing typical commuter journey times is required. The HFPS was fully characterised in chamber studies with a TSI aerodynamic particle sizer (APS). The sampler was then validated against a co-located U.S. EPA Federal Reference PM2.5 Well Impactor Ninety Six (WINS) and a KTL cyclone, and parallel testing was performed. Initial testing showed some penetration of particles through the porous foam structure; applying an oil coating to the foam eliminated this problem. Chamber testing was carried out on a number of different selector prototypes, with the final design giving a 50% penetration diameter (i.e., d50) of 2.4 microm at 16 1/min. The new sampler exhibited good agreement in three sets of co-located tests with established samplers, and parallel testing showed excellent agreement between paired HFPS samplers.
一种用于空气中颗粒物的高流量个人采样器（HFPS）已被开发出来并进行了全面表征，同时开展了验证测试。该采样器是一种低成本的重量法仪器，旨在收集空气动力学等效直径为2.5微米（PM2.5）时切割点为50%的颗粒物，其尺寸选择通过使用多孔聚氨酯泡沫来实现。选择开发多孔泡沫选择器而非旋风分离器或冲击器，是因为它能够实现轻质、低成本和紧凑的设计。使用便携式流量控制泵可实现采样器16升/分钟的流速；该流速远高于传统个人采样器，因此HFPS可用于在短于24小时的短采样期内在环境中进行个人采样。HFPS目前正在用于一项针对城市交通使用者（骑自行车者、汽车司机、公交车和地铁乘客）颗粒物暴露的研究，该研究需要在代表典型通勤时间的短时间内进行个人采样。HFPS在使用TSI空气动力学粒度分析仪（APS）的实验室内研究中得到了全面表征。然后将该采样器与位于同一地点的美国环保署联邦参考PM2.5九六孔冲击式采样器（WINS）和KTL旋风分离器进行了对比验证，并进行了平行测试。初步测试显示有一些颗粒穿透了多孔泡沫结构；在泡沫上涂油消除了这个问题。对许多不同的选择器原型进行了实验室内测试，最终设计在16升/分钟时的50%穿透直径（即d50）为2.4微米。新采样器在与已有的采样器进行的三组同地测试中表现出良好的一致性，平行测试显示配对的HFPS采样器之间具有极好的一致性。
