Damian M F
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2001 Feb;27(1):154-65. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.27.1.154.
In a size judgment task on words denoting concrete objects, subliminally presented stimuli that preceded the targets influenced response times and were dependent on whether responses to the prime and the target were congruent or incongruent (Experiment 1). These findings, mirroring S. Dehaene et al. (1998), imply that primes are unconsciously categorized and processed to the response stage. However, the effect does not generalize to primes that are not in the response set (Experiment 2), and even exposure to primes not in the response set in an interleaved naming-size judgment task fails to induce it (Experiment 3). However, the effect generalizes from lowercase primes to the same set of uppercase targets (Experiment 4), suggesting an abstract level of operation. The findings suggest that rather than resulting from unconscious prime categorization, the congruity effect results from automatized stimulus-response mappings. Potential differences between the number and the word domain are discussed.
在一项针对表示具体物体的单词的大小判断任务中，先于目标呈现的阈下刺激会影响反应时间，且这取决于对启动刺激和目标刺激的反应是否一致（实验1）。这些与S. 德阿纳等人（1998年）的研究结果相符的发现表明，启动刺激会在无意识状态下被分类并处理至反应阶段。然而，这种效应并不会推广到不在反应集中的启动刺激上（实验2），甚至在交错命名-大小判断任务中接触不在反应集中的启动刺激也无法诱发该效应（实验3）。不过，这种效应可以从小写启动刺激推广到同一组大写目标刺激上（实验4），这表明存在一个抽象的操作层面。研究结果表明，一致性效应并非源于无意识的启动刺激分类，而是源于自动化的刺激-反应映射。文中还讨论了数字领域和单词领域之间可能存在的差异。
