White J M
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2000 Jun;12(2):219-25.
Music therapy is an easy to administer, relatively inexpensive, noninvasive intervention that can reduce anxiety and pain in critical care and perioperative patients. Libraries of relaxing music selections need to be compiled, reflecting diverse musical tastes. Providing patients with the opportunity to partake in music therapy sessions, selecting their own music, and providing them with quiet, uninterrupted time to listen to the music provides patients with a sense of control and separation from the multiple environmental stressors they are experiencing. Although there is now an extensive empirical base for the therapeutic usefulness of music therapy, particularly with the myocardial infarction population, few hospitals have adopted music therapy programs. Patient satisfaction and outcomes clearly have improved after music therapy sessions have been implemented. Further study with more diverse samples with a wider variety of medical conditions is indicated. Most of these studies used only one or two music sessions. It is not known whether effectiveness of music therapy sessions improves with repeated exposures. Further, there are little data with respect to optimal time for implementation of music therapy, length of music therapy sessions, or types of music to use. The effects of cultural diversity have not been addressed. Music therapy can improve the quality of care that critical care and perioperative nurses deliver to their patients.
音乐疗法是一种易于实施、成本相对较低的非侵入性干预措施，可减轻重症监护和围手术期患者的焦虑和疼痛。需要编制放松音乐选集库，以反映不同的音乐品味。为患者提供参与音乐治疗课程、选择自己音乐的机会，并为他们提供安静、不受干扰的时间来聆听音乐，能让患者获得一种掌控感，并从他们所经历的多种环境压力源中解脱出来。尽管目前音乐疗法的治疗效用已有广泛的实证依据，尤其是对心肌梗死患者群体，但很少有医院采用音乐治疗方案。实施音乐治疗课程后，患者满意度和治疗效果明显提高。有必要对更多患有各种疾病的不同样本进行进一步研究。这些研究大多只使用了一两次音乐治疗课程。尚不清楚音乐治疗课程的效果是否会随着重复接触而提高。此外，关于音乐疗法实施的最佳时间、音乐治疗课程的时长或使用的音乐类型，几乎没有相关数据。文化多样性的影响也未得到探讨。音乐疗法可以提高重症监护和围手术期护士为患者提供的护理质量。
