Wheless J W, Venkataraman V
Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Texas-Houston, Department of Neurology, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 7.044, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 1999 Nov;1(1):49-60. doi: 10.1517/14656566.1.1.49.
The advent of numerous new treatment options in epilepsy therapy over the last decade is enabling a more flexible and individualized approach to patients with seizures. For some patients, these products offer added efficacy, reduction of troublesome side effects associated with standard anticonvulsants, and control over acute seizure exacerbations. This review profiles new formulations of anti-epileptic drugs. Tegretol-XR (TXR) and Carbatrol (CBTL), two extended-release preparations of carbamazepine (CBZ), which allow twice daily administration, minimising drug toxicity and improving efficacy. Topiramate sprinkles and lamotrigine chewable dispersible tablets allow easier administration in children. The rectal gel preparation of diazepam (Diastat) is useful for parents of patients with acute seizure exacerbations. Intravenous valproate (Depacon) and fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) provide parenteral treatment of acute seizures, without sedation or significant peripheral venous side effects. All of these new formulations expand treatment options for patients with epilepsy, who will benefit from them.
在过去十年里，癫痫治疗领域出现了众多新的治疗选择，这使得针对癫痫患者的治疗方法更加灵活且个性化。对于一些患者而言，这些产品具有更高的疗效，能够减少与标准抗惊厥药物相关的不良副作用，并可控制急性癫痫发作的加剧。这篇综述介绍了抗癫痫药物的新剂型。卡马西平（CBZ）的两种缓释制剂——丙戊酸缓释片（TXR）和卡马西平控释片（CBTL），允许每日给药两次，可将药物毒性降至最低并提高疗效。托吡酯分散片和拉莫三嗪咀嚼分散片便于儿童服用。地西泮直肠凝胶制剂（安定）对急性癫痫发作加剧患者的家长很有用。静脉注射丙戊酸（德巴金）和磷苯妥英（苯妥英钠）可用于急性癫痫发作的非肠道治疗，且无镇静作用或明显的外周静脉副作用。所有这些新剂型都拓展了癫痫患者的治疗选择，患者将从中受益。
