Urbansky E T
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Water Supply and Water Resources Division, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
J Environ Monit. 2001 Feb;3(1):102-12. doi: 10.1039/b006564l.
For some utilities, new US drinking water regulations may require the removal of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor material as a means of minimizing DBP formation. The Environmental Protection Agency's Stage 1 DBP Rule relies on total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations as a measure of the effectiveness of treatment techniques for removing organic material that could act as DBP precursors. Accordingly, precise and accurate methods are needed for the determination of TOC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in raw and finished potable water supplies. This review describes the current analytical technologies and summarizes the key factors affecting measurement quality. It provides a look into the fundamental principles and workings of TOC analyzers. Current peroxydisulfuric acid wet ashing methods and combustion methods are discussed. Issues affecting quality control, such as non-zero blanks and preservation, are covered. Some of the difficulties in analyzing water for TOC and DOC that were identified up to 20 years ago still remain problematic today. Limitations in technology, reagent purity, operator skill and knowledge of natural organic matter (NOM) can preclude the level of precision and accuracy desirable for compliance monitoring.
对于一些公用事业公司而言，美国新的饮用水法规可能要求去除消毒副产物（DBP）前体物质，以此作为减少DBP形成的一种手段。美国环境保护局的第一阶段DBP法规将总有机碳（TOC）浓度作为衡量去除可能充当DBP前体的有机物质的处理技术有效性的指标。因此，需要精确且准确的方法来测定原水和成品饮用水供应中的TOC和溶解有机碳（DOC）浓度。本综述介绍了当前的分析技术，并总结了影响测量质量的关键因素。它探讨了TOC分析仪的基本原理和工作方式。讨论了当前的过二硫酸湿法灰化法和燃烧法。涵盖了影响质量控制的问题，如非零空白和保存。一些早在20年前就已发现的分析水中TOC和DOC的困难如今仍然存在问题。技术、试剂纯度、操作人员技能以及对天然有机物（NOM）的了解等方面的限制可能会妨碍达到合规监测所需的精度和准确度水平。
