Townsend A T, O'Sullivan J, Featherstone A M, Butler E C, Mackey D J
Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
J Environ Monit. 2001 Feb;3(1):113-20. doi: 10.1039/b008172h.
Three atomic spectrometry techniques, namely sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (ICP-SMS, GF-AAS and HG-AFS, respectively), housed at separate independent laboratories, were used to analyse water and sediment samples collected from the Huon River Estuary, SE Tasmania (Australia) in the Austral spring 1998. A dithiocarbamate-chelation/back-extraction technique was used to separate and preconcentrate Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb from eight collected water samples prior to analysis by ICP-SMS and GF-AAS. A number of other elements in the waters were analysed directly (Mn, Fe and Zn by GF-AAS; As by HG-AFS), or following sample dilution (1 + 19: V, Mn, Fe, As, Mo, Ba and U by ICP-SMS). Where possible, previously corroborated GF-AAS and HG-AFS techniques were used to verify obtained ICP-SMS results. From the analysis of four reference waters (SLEW-1 and -2, SLRS-3 and NASS-5), good agreement, to within +/- 10-20%, was typically found between certified (or information only values) and measured results (irrespective of analytical technique). Exceptions included Zn (and sometimes Fe) that could not be quantified by ICP-SMS due to elevated blank signals, and As which was found to lie below ICP-SMS detection limits. For Huon Estuary water samples, inter-method agreement was within +/- 10-20% (for those elements amenable to analysis by more than one technique). Nitric acid extracts of two certified reference materials (Buffalo River Sediment and BCSS-1) and six Huon Estuary sediments were analysed by ICP-SMS (for Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) and HG-AFS (for As). Results from the certified reference materials indicated extraction efficiencies of 60 70% (for most elements). A close correlation between ICP-SMS and HG-AFS was obtained for leachable As in the sediments. In terms of potential inorganic contaminants, the Huon Estuary was found to be a relatively 'clean' water system. The elemental concentrations measured in water and sediment samples from this region were found to lie within current Australian guidelines for estuaries. In general, no one analytical technique was able to accurately determine all elements in all samples from this relatively pristine estuarine environment. A combination of all three analytical techniques was necessary for the successful analysis of the elements considered in this study.
三种原子光谱技术，即扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法（分别为ICP-SMS、GF-AAS和HG-AFS），放置在不同的独立实验室中，用于分析1998年澳大利亚南部春季从塔斯马尼亚东南部霍恩河河口采集的水样和沉积物样本。在通过ICP-SMS和GF-AAS分析之前，采用二硫代氨基甲酸盐螯合/反萃取技术从采集的8个水样中分离并预富集钴、镍、铜、锌、镉和铅。对水中的许多其他元素直接进行分析（通过GF-AAS分析锰、铁和锌；通过HG-AFS分析砷），或在样品稀释后进行分析（通过ICP-SMS分析钒、锰、铁、砷、钼、钡和铀，稀释比例为1 + 19）。在可能的情况下，使用先前得到证实的GF-AAS和HG-AFS技术来验证获得的ICP-SMS结果。通过对四种标准水样（SLEW-1和-2、SLRS-3和NASS-5）的分析，通常在认证值（或仅提供信息的值）和测量结果之间发现了 +/- 10 - 20% 的良好一致性（无论采用何种分析技术）。例外情况包括由于空白信号升高而无法通过ICP-SMS定量的锌（有时还有铁），以及发现低于ICP-SMS检测限的砷。对于霍恩河口水样，方法间的一致性在 +/- 10 - 20% 以内（对于那些可以用多种技术分析的元素）。通过ICP-SMS（分析铝、钪、钒、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉和铅）和HG-AFS（分析砷）对两种认证参考物质（布法罗河沉积物和BCSS-1）以及六个霍恩河河口沉积物的硝酸提取物进行了分析。认证参考物质的结果表明提取效率为60 - 70%（对于大多数元素）。沉积物中可浸出砷的ICP-SMS和HG-AFS结果之间具有密切相关性。就潜在的无机污染物而言，霍恩河口被发现是一个相对“清洁”的水系统。该地区水样和沉积物样本中测量的元素浓度在澳大利亚目前的河口指南范围内。一般来说，没有一种分析技术能够准确测定来自这个相对原始的河口环境的所有样本中的所有元素。本研究中考虑的元素的成功分析需要结合所有三种分析技术。
