Bardo M T, Bevins R A
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000 Dec;153(1):31-43. doi: 10.1007/s002130000569.
Among the various experimental protocols that have been used to measure drug reward in laboratory animals, conditioned place preference (CPP) has been one of the most popular. However, a number of controversial issues have surrounded the use of this experimental protocol.
The present review provides a theoretical overview of some critical issues relevant to CPP. The advantages and limitations of CPP are also covered.
Based on modern and traditional theoretical formulations of Pavlovian conditioning, CPP appears to reflect a preference for a context due to the contiguous association between the context and a drug stimulus. Within this theoretical framework, it seems clear that CPP measures a learning process that is fundamentally distinct from drug self-administration. The main advantages of CPP are that it: (1) tests animals in a drug-free state; (2) is sensitive to both reward and aversion; (3) allows for simultaneous determination of CPP and locomotor activity; (4) is adaptable to a variety of species; (5) typically yields dose-effect curves that are monophasic rather than biphasic; and (6) has utility in probing the neural circuits involved in drug reward. The main limitations of CPP are that it: (1) is subject to interpretation based on the notion of novelty seeking; (2) is cumbersome for providing the graded dose-effect curves needed for answering some pharmacological questions; (3) is difficult to interpret when animals prefer one context prior to drug conditioning; and (4) lacks face validity as an experimental protocol of drug reward in humans.
Despite some limitations, CPP provides unique information about the rewarding effect of contextual cues associated with a drug stimulus.
在用于测量实验动物药物奖赏的各种实验方案中，条件性位置偏爱（CPP）一直是最常用的方法之一。然而，围绕该实验方案的使用存在一些有争议的问题。
本综述对与CPP相关的一些关键问题进行理论概述，同时也涵盖了CPP的优缺点。
基于巴甫洛夫条件反射的现代和传统理论表述，CPP似乎反映了由于环境与药物刺激之间的连续关联而对某一环境的偏爱。在这一理论框架内，很明显CPP测量的是一个与药物自我给药在根本上不同的学习过程。CPP的主要优点包括：（1）在无药物状态下对动物进行测试；（2）对奖赏和厌恶均敏感；（3）能够同时测定CPP和运动活性；（4）适用于多种物种；（5）通常产生单相而非双相的剂量效应曲线；（6）在探索参与药物奖赏的神经回路方面具有实用性。CPP的主要局限性在于：（1）基于寻求新奇的概念进行解释；（2）在提供回答某些药理学问题所需的分级剂量效应曲线时较为繁琐；（3）当动物在药物条件化之前就偏爱某一环境时难以解释；（4）作为人类药物奖赏的实验方案缺乏表面效度。
尽管存在一些局限性，CPP提供了与药物刺激相关的环境线索奖赏效应的独特信息。
