Novalbos A, Sastre J, Cuesta J, De Las Heras M, Lluch-Bernal M, Bombín C, Quirce S
Servicio de Alergia, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Mar;31(3):438-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.00992.x.
There are some contradicting data about clinical allergic cross-reactivity to cephalosporins among patients who have had a previous allergic reaction to penicillins. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of administering cephalosporins to penicillin-allergic patients. The diagnosis of penicillin allergy was made by positive skin tests to penicillin reagents and/or provocation tests with the penicillin suspected of causing the allergic reaction. To assess the clinical tolerance to cephalosporins, 41 well-characterized penicillin allergic patients diagnosed by positive skin tests and/or provocation tests were challenged with three cephalosporins that do not share the same side chain to the penicillin that induced the reactions: cephazoline, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone. Skin prick and intradermal tests with all cephalosporins tested were negative. All penicillin-allergic patients tolerated therapeutic doses of the three cephalosporins tested (cephazoline, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone) without any ill effect. These results indicate that the risk of suffering from an allergic reaction on administering cephalosporins to penicillin-allergic patients seems to be very low, provided that cephalosporins with a different side chain to the penicillin responsible for the allergic reaction are used.
对于既往有青霉素过敏反应的患者，关于其对头孢菌素的临床过敏交叉反应存在一些相互矛盾的数据。本研究的目的是评估对青霉素过敏患者使用头孢菌素的安全性。青霉素过敏的诊断通过对青霉素试剂的皮肤试验阳性和/或对疑似引起过敏反应的青霉素进行激发试验来确定。为了评估对头孢菌素的临床耐受性，对41例经皮肤试验阳性和/或激发试验确诊的、特征明确的青霉素过敏患者，使用三种与引起反应的青霉素没有相同侧链的头孢菌素进行激发试验：头孢唑林、头孢呋辛和头孢曲松。对所有测试的头孢菌素进行的皮肤点刺试验和皮内试验均为阴性。所有青霉素过敏患者都耐受了测试的三种头孢菌素（头孢唑林、头孢呋辛和头孢曲松）的治疗剂量，没有出现任何不良影响。这些结果表明，对青霉素过敏患者使用头孢菌素时发生过敏反应的风险似乎非常低，前提是使用与引起过敏反应的青霉素具有不同侧链的头孢菌素。
