Sommer C, Vagn Jensen K M, Jespersen J B
Department of Ecology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Bull Entomol Res. 2001 Apr;91(2):131-7.
Dung from calves treated with synthetic pyrethroids negatively influenced, in varying degrees, survival, reproduction and size of the common dung fly Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius). This was documented in assays where the coprophagous larvae and adults of N. cornicina were exposed to dung collected from calves dosed with topical preparations of deltamethrin, flumethrin, cyfluthrin, and alpha-cypermethrin. Larval mortality was significantly increased in dung collected up to at least seven days after treatment with deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and cyfluthrin. Alpha-cypermethrin caused significant mortality of adults allowed to feed on moist dung. Nulliparous flies fed for six days on dung collected three days after treatment of calves with alpha-cypermethrin or deltamethrin showed little or no ovarian development. A tendency for a comparable effect with flumethrin was also observed. A connection between ovarian development and inhibition of feeding was indicated by the observation of significantly lowered excretion rates in flies exposed to residues of deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and flumethrin. Larvae that survived exposure to dung from calves dosed with deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, or cyfluthrin gave rise to smaller flies. The effect on adult fly size decreased when larvae were exposed to dung collected at longer times after treatment of the calves. Adult fly size was significantly reduced in dung collected up to 14 days (alpha-cypermethrin) or up to 28 days after treatment (deltamethrin and cyfluthrin). Fluctuating asymmetry of a wing vein character did not reflect the anticipated levels of exposure. The study strongly indicated that the use of synthetic pyrethroids affected the insect dung fauna and that such use may reduce dung decomposition.
用合成拟除虫菊酯处理过的小牛粪便，在不同程度上对常见的粪蝇玉米新粪蝇（法布里丘斯）的存活、繁殖和体型产生了负面影响。这在实验中得到了证明，在这些实验中，玉米新粪蝇的食粪幼虫和成虫接触了从用溴氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯和α-氯氰菊酯局部制剂处理过的小牛收集的粪便。在用溴氰菊酯、α-氯氰菊酯和氯氟氰菊酯处理后至少七天内收集的粪便中，幼虫死亡率显著增加。α-氯氰菊酯导致取食潮湿粪便的成虫出现显著死亡。在用α-氯氰菊酯或溴氰菊酯处理小牛三天后收集的粪便上取食六天的未产卵苍蝇，卵巢发育很少或没有发育。也观察到氟氯氰菊酯有类似作用的趋势。接触溴氰菊酯、α-氯氰菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯残留的苍蝇排泄率显著降低，这表明卵巢发育与取食抑制之间存在联系。在接触用溴氰菊酯、α-氯氰菊酯或氯氟氰菊酯处理过的小牛粪便后存活下来的幼虫发育成较小的苍蝇。当幼虫接触小牛处理后较长时间收集的粪便时，对成年苍蝇体型的影响会减小。在处理后14天（α-氯氰菊酯）或28天（溴氰菊酯和氯氟氰菊酯）内收集的粪便中，成年苍蝇的体型显著减小。翅脉特征的波动不对称并未反映预期的接触水平。该研究有力地表明，合成拟除虫菊酯的使用影响了昆虫粪便动物群落，并且这种使用可能会减少粪便分解。
