Lee H S, Castle W S
Citrus Research and Education Center, Florida Department of Citrus, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Feb;49(2):877-82. doi: 10.1021/jf000654r.
The developmental patterns of carotenoids in Hamlin, Earlygold (an early-maturing selection), and Budd Blood sweet orange juices were studied during the September to mid-January period of the 1996-97 and 1997-98 seasons. The carotenoid concentration of Earlygold increased by as much as 4.9 times during the color development compared to 3.9 times in Hamlin and 4.5 times in Budd Blood juice in the same period. For the profiles of carotenoid pigment, dramatic changes occurred among the pigments that were present in high concentrations at the beginning of the season, with lutein and violaxanthin noted as the predominant pigments in Hamlin fruit. A marked increase in the percentage of beta-cryptoxanthin allowed it to become a major pigment in the late stage of maturation. The color development in the new cultivar Earlygold was especially notable, reaching the 36 color number, which is grade A, by late October to mid-November whereas Hamlin juice did not reach this grade A color number until January. Budd Blood juice was similar in carotenoid pigment content and seasonal changes to Hamlin juice, but also, the development of red anthocyanin pigment in January significantly increased juice color.
在1996 - 1997年和1997 - 1998年9月至1月中旬期间，对哈姆林、早金（早熟品种）和巴德血橙果汁中类胡萝卜素的发育模式进行了研究。在颜色发育期间，早金的类胡萝卜素浓度增加了4.9倍，而同期哈姆林增加了3.9倍，巴德血橙果汁增加了4.5倍。关于类胡萝卜素色素的谱图，在季节开始时高浓度存在的色素之间发生了显著变化，叶黄素和堇菜黄素被认为是哈姆林果实中的主要色素。β - 隐黄质的百分比显著增加，使其在成熟后期成为主要色素。新品种早金的颜色发育尤为显著，到10月下旬至11月中旬达到36色号，即A级，而哈姆林果汁直到1月才达到这个A级色号。巴德血橙果汁在类胡萝卜素色素含量和季节变化方面与哈姆林果汁相似，但在1月红色花青素色素的发育也显著增加了果汁颜色。
