Basso M R, Bornstein R A, Roper B L, McCoy V L
Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, OK 74104-3189, USA.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2000 Aug;14(3):325-40. doi: 10.1076/1385-4046(200008)14:3;1-P;FT325.
Regression-based premorbid intelligence estimators have been devised by Barona, Reynolds, and Chastain (1984), Barona and Chastain (1986), Hamsher (1984), Krull, Scott, and Sherer (1995; the Oklahoma Premorbid Intelligence Estimate: OPIE), and Vanderploeg, Schinka, and Axelrod (1996; BEST-3 approach), but little is known of their relative accuracy, particularly in outer ranges of intellectual ability (e.g., below-average, superior, etc.). Towards this end, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was administered to 150 neurologically normal adults, and estimated VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores were computed according to each regression method. Results showed that methods based solely on demographic factors were most susceptible to meanward regression, rendering them poor estimators of IQ scores in outer ranges. Although the OPIE and BEST-3 performed somewhat better, their accuracy remained relatively weak. The findings suggest that regression-based estimates of premorbid IQ are very susceptible to error, particularly in outer ranges of intellectual function.
巴罗纳、雷诺兹和查斯坦（1984年）、巴罗纳和查斯坦（1986年）、哈姆舍尔（1984年）、克鲁尔、斯科特和谢勒（1995年；俄克拉荷马病前智力评估：OPIE）以及范德普洛格、申卡和阿克塞尔罗德（1996年；BEST-3方法）设计了基于回归的病前智力评估方法，但对于它们的相对准确性，尤其是在智力能力的外部范围（例如，低于平均水平、超常等），人们了解甚少。为此，对150名神经功能正常的成年人施测了韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS-R），并根据每种回归方法计算了估计的言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）和全量表智商（FSIQ）分数。结果表明，仅基于人口统计学因素的方法最容易出现向均值回归的情况，这使得它们在外部范围对智商分数的评估效果不佳。尽管OPIE和BEST-3的表现稍好一些，但其准确性仍然相对较弱。研究结果表明，基于回归的病前智商估计非常容易出错，尤其是在智力功能的外部范围。
