Crow J F
Genetics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Nat Rev Genet. 2000 Oct;1(1):40-7. doi: 10.1038/35049558.
The germline mutation rate in human males, especially older males, is generally much higher than in females, mainly because in males there are many more germ-cell divisions. However, there are some exceptions and many variations. Base substitutions, insertion-deletions, repeat expansions and chromosomal changes each follow different rules. Evidence from evolutionary sequence data indicates that the overall rate of deleterious mutation may be high enough to have a large effect on human well-being. But there are ways in which the impact of deleterious mutations can be mitigated.
人类男性，尤其是老年男性的生殖系突变率通常远高于女性，主要原因是男性的生殖细胞分裂次数更多。然而，也存在一些例外情况和诸多变异。碱基替换、插入缺失、重复扩增和染色体变化各自遵循不同的规则。来自进化序列数据的证据表明，有害突变的总体发生率可能高到足以对人类健康产生重大影响。但也有一些方法可以减轻有害突变的影响。
