Wlazlo A P, Ertl H C
The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2001;49(1):1-11.
A new generation of vaccines are being developed to induce immune responses that fight off infectious agents, or erradicate cancerous cells. These new vaccines are based on a plasmid vector, which in transfected mammalian cells cause constitutive high-level expression of the target antigen. Expression of the target antigen, in turn, can induce a full-range of immunologic responses, including cell-mediated killing, cell-mediated cytokine release and the production of antigen-specific antibodies. Through molecular techniques, these nucleic acid vaccines can be enhanced to increase target antigen expression and facilitate antigen presentation. Additionally, genetic adjuvants expressed simultaneously with the target antigens can induce the immune responses to disease-associated antigens. The ease with which these genetic vaccines can be generated and the potency of their ability to generate immune-mediated responses make them highly effective, which creates hope for developing effective treatment and prevention of various diseases, most notably cancer.
新一代疫苗正在研发中，以诱导免疫反应来对抗感染因子或根除癌细胞。这些新疫苗基于质粒载体，该质粒载体在转染的哺乳动物细胞中可导致靶抗原的组成型高水平表达。反过来，靶抗原的表达可诱导全方位的免疫反应，包括细胞介导的杀伤、细胞介导的细胞因子释放以及抗原特异性抗体的产生。通过分子技术，这些核酸疫苗可以得到增强，以增加靶抗原表达并促进抗原呈递。此外，与靶抗原同时表达的基因佐剂可诱导针对疾病相关抗原的免疫反应。这些基因疫苗易于制备且产生免疫介导反应的能力很强，使其非常有效，这为开发针对各种疾病，尤其是癌症的有效治疗和预防方法带来了希望。
