Holder H D
Prevention Research Center, 2150 Shattuck Ave., Suite 900, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
Am J Addict. 2001 Winter;10(1):1-15. doi: 10.1080/105504901750160402.
The community is the "new frontier" for alcohol and other drug prevention. New prevention initiatives at the community level suggest that effective strategies will often be quite different from national or state policies and will require a different perspective. Alcohol and other drug use is part of routine community life and must be considered in the context of the community, which is itself a dynamic and self-adapting system. To develop effective community-level interventions, prevention planners and policy makers must understand how various aspects of the community influence alcohol and other drug use and even contribute to alcohol and other drug problems. This paper outlines the basis for a systems approach to community prevention and the policy options that this approach suggests. It also examines the new science of complexity, differentiates between catchment and a systems approach to prevention, describes a public health model within a systems approach, and describes using local policy as a means to produce system changes as well as recent findings from community-based prevention efforts that employed local alcohol policies.
社区是预防酒精及其他毒品问题的“新前沿”。社区层面的新预防举措表明，有效的策略往往与国家或州政策大不相同，且需要不同的视角。酒精及其他毒品的使用是社区日常生活的一部分，必须在社区背景下加以考量，而社区本身就是一个动态且自我适应的系统。为制定有效的社区层面干预措施，预防规划者和政策制定者必须了解社区的各个方面如何影响酒精及其他毒品的使用，甚至导致酒精及其他毒品问题。本文概述了社区预防系统方法的基础以及该方法所建议的政策选择。它还探讨了复杂性新科学，区分了集水区预防方法和系统预防方法，描述了系统方法中的公共卫生模式，并阐述了将地方政策作为促成系统变革的手段，以及采用地方酒精政策的社区预防工作的最新成果。
