One-sided high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in the management of an acquired neonatal lobar emphysema: a case report and review.

We describe a premature infant (gestational age 28 weeks and birth weight 1280 g) with a left-sided acquired lobar emphysema (ALPE). Left lateral decubitus positioning, right-sided conventional ventilation (CV), tracheal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), and dexamethasone administration were subsequently used in the treatment without success. The emphysema was resolved and the patient was extubated after selective intubation and HFOV of the right unaffected lung. We also review the reported cases of ALPE in neonates that were treated by one-sided high-frequency ventilation (HFV).