Marchese A, Schito G C
Institute of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.
Drugs. 2001;61(2):167-73. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200161020-00002.
In recent years, one of the more alarming aspects of clinical microbiology has been the dramatic increase in the incidence of antibacterial resistance among pathogens causing nosocomial as well as community-acquired infections. Numerous antibacterial agents have lost their in vitro activity as a result of selective pressure exerted by antibacterial usage. There is a general consensus on the fact that emergence and spread of resistance may be delayed by improving hygiene measures, reducing inappropriate use of antibacterials, and adopting successful empirical therapy based on sound epidemiological data. As a consequence, worldwide international studies of antibacterial resistance surveillance have been established. Surveys such as the Alexander Project and the SENTRY Programme supply high quality data to participating countries, stimulate collaboration and provide the educational information required for clinical decision-making that may result in improved cure rates.
近年来，临床微生物学中一个较为令人担忧的方面是，导致医院感染和社区获得性感染的病原体对抗菌药物的耐药性发生率急剧上升。由于抗菌药物的使用产生的选择性压力，许多抗菌药物已失去其体外活性。人们普遍认为，通过改善卫生措施、减少抗菌药物的不当使用以及基于可靠的流行病学数据采用成功的经验性治疗，可以延缓耐药性的出现和传播。因此，已经建立了全球范围内的抗菌药物耐药性监测国际研究。诸如亚历山大项目和哨兵计划等调查为参与国提供高质量数据，促进合作，并提供临床决策所需的教育信息，这可能会提高治愈率。
