Volleth M, Bronner G, Göpfert M C, Heller K G, Yong H S
Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Chromosome Res. 2001;9(1):25-46. doi: 10.1023/a:1026787515840.
Detailed karyotype descriptions of 20 Pipistrellus-like bat species belonging to the family Vespertilionidae are presented. For the first time, chromosomal complements of four species, i.e. Pipistrellus stenopterus (2n = 32), P. javanicus (2n = 34), Hypsugo eisentrauti (2n = 42) and H. crassulus (2n = 30) are reported. A Pipistrellus kuhlii-like species from Madagascar represents a separate species distinguished from the European Pipistrellus kuhlii (2n = 44) by a diploid chromosome number of 42. Banded karyotypes are presented for the first time for Scotozous dormeri, Hypsugo capensis, Hesperoptenus blanfordi, Tylonycteris pachypus and robustula. Chromosomal evolution in the family Vespertilionidae is characterized by the conservation of entire chromosomal arms and reductions in diploid chromosome number via Robertsonian fusions. Less frequently, centric fissions, para- and pericentric inversions and centromere shifts were found to have occurred. In several cases a certain type of chromosomal change predominates in a karyotype. Examples of this are the acquisition of interstitial heterochromatic bands in Tylonycteris robustula, and centric shifts in P. javanicus, H. eisentrauti and Hesp. blanfordi. The species examined here belong to three tribes, i.e. Pipistrellini, Vespertilionini and Eptesicini, which are distinguished by chromosomal characteristics. According to our results, the species Pipistrellus (Neoromicia) capensis belongs to the Vespertilionini and not to the Pipistrellini. We therefore propose to elevate the subgenus Neoromicia to generic rank.
本文给出了20种属于蝙蝠科的伏翼属蝙蝠的详细核型描述。首次报道了4种蝙蝠的染色体组型，即窄翼伏翼（2n = 32）、爪哇伏翼（2n = 34）、艾氏扁颅蝠（2n = 42）和粗扁颅蝠（2n = 30）。来自马达加斯加的一种库氏伏翼样物种代表一个独立物种，其与欧洲库氏伏翼（2n = 44）的区别在于其二倍体染色体数为42。首次给出了南非扁颅蝠、海角扁颅蝠、布兰福德鼠耳蝠、大耳无尾蹄蝠和粗扁颅蝠的带型核型。蝙蝠科的染色体进化特征是整个染色体臂的保守性以及通过罗伯逊融合导致的二倍体染色体数减少。较少见的是，发现发生了着丝粒裂变、臂间和臂内倒位以及着丝粒移位。在几种情况下，某一类型的染色体变化在核型中占主导。例如，粗扁颅蝠中出现的中间异染色质带，以及爪哇伏翼、艾氏扁颅蝠和布兰福德鼠耳蝠中的着丝粒移位。这里研究的物种属于三个族，即伏翼族、鼠耳蝠族和棕蝠族，它们通过染色体特征区分。根据我们的结果，海角伏翼（新罗姆伏翼亚属）属于鼠耳蝠族而非伏翼族。因此，我们建议将新罗姆伏翼亚属提升为属级地位。
