Levens N, Akins C K
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 219 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001 Jan;68(1):71-80. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00439-1.
The conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure is a popular method used for testing the rewarding properties of human drugs of abuse. Most CPP studies utilize mammalian models. However, avian species have better visual systems than rodent species, and because the cues that become associated with human drug-taking behavior are often visual, Aves might serve as an alternative animal model for investigating drugs of abuse. In three experiments, we examined the locomotor stimulant and rewarding effects of cocaine in adult male Japanese quail. In Experiment 1, cocaine increased locomotor activity relative to saline. In addition, behavioral sensitization was evident across repeated injections. In Experiment 2, CPP was established after six pairings of cocaine. Finally, the dopamine D(2) receptor subtype antagonist eticlopride did not attenuate acquisition of cocaine CPP in Experiment 3. Rather, subjects receiving pretreatment of eticlopride demonstrated a place preference for the cocaine-paired context. In contrast, pretreatment of eticlopride reduced cocaine-induced locomotor activity. The findings suggest that drug-reward processes may be highly conserved across species and that birds may serve as a viable model for investigating drug-reward processes especially with regard to the ability of cocaine to become associated with visual cues.
条件性位置偏爱（CPP）程序是一种用于测试人类滥用药物奖赏特性的常用方法。大多数CPP研究使用哺乳动物模型。然而，鸟类的视觉系统比啮齿动物的更好，而且由于与人类吸毒行为相关联的线索通常是视觉方面的，鸟类可能作为一种替代动物模型用于研究滥用药物。在三个实验中，我们研究了可卡因对成年雄性日本鹌鹑的运动兴奋和奖赏作用。在实验1中，与生理盐水相比，可卡因增加了运动活性。此外，在重复注射过程中行为敏化明显。在实验2中，经过六次可卡因配对后建立了CPP。最后，在实验3中多巴胺D(2)受体亚型拮抗剂依托必利并未减弱可卡因CPP的形成。相反，接受依托必利预处理的实验对象表现出对与可卡因配对环境的位置偏爱。相比之下，依托必利预处理降低了可卡因诱导的运动活性。这些发现表明药物奖赏过程在物种间可能高度保守，并且鸟类可能作为一种可行的模型用于研究药物奖赏过程，特别是关于可卡因与视觉线索关联的能力。
