Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase-independent signaling by EGF.

The ErbB family of receptors, which includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4, mediate signaling by EGF-like polypeptides. To better understand the role of the EGFR tyrosine kinase, we analyzed signaling by a kinase-inactive EGFR (K721M) in ErbB-devoid 32D cells. K721M alone exhibited no detectable signaling capacity, whereas coexpression of K721M with ErbB2, but not ErbB3 or ErbB4, resulted in EGF-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. The kinase activity, but not tyrosine phosphorylation, of ErbB2 was required for EGF-induced MAPK activation. The presence of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in K721M was not a requisite for signaling, indicating that transphosphorylation of K721M by ErbB2 was not an essential mechanism of receptor activation. Conversely, the mutated kinase domain of K721M (residues 648-973) and tyrosine phosphorylation of at least one of the receptors were necessary. EGF was found to activate the pro-survival protein kinase Akt in stable cell lines expressing K721M and ErbB2 but, unlike cells expressing wild-type EGFR, was incapable of activating signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) or driving cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that EGFR-ErbB2 oligomers are potent activators of MAPK and Akt, and this signaling does not require EGFR kinase activity.