Finelli L, Levine W C, Valentine J, St Louis M E
Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 2001 Mar;28(3):131-5. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200103000-00002.
Syphilis rates began to decline in 1991 and have decreased every year since. In 1998, 6,993 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported in the United States, for a national incidence of 2.6 cases per 100,000 population. Although syphilis rates are at an historic low, focal outbreaks still occur. On October 7, 1999, the Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with federal and community partners, presented the National Plan for Elimination of Syphilis from the United States. One of the five key strategies of the plan is rapid outbreak response.
Methods for outbreak assessment and response were reviewed in the literature, synthesized, and adapted for use in syphilis outbreaks.
Key elements of outbreak assessment and response are detection, surveillance data review, hypothesis generation, intervention development, and the evaluation of clinical, public health, and laboratory services.
Outbreak response necessitates community participation and a coordinated interdisciplinary effort to determine social and behavioral contributors to the outbreak and to develop targeted interventions.
梅毒发病率自1991年开始下降，此后逐年降低。1998年，美国报告了6993例一期和二期梅毒病例，全国发病率为每10万人2.6例。尽管梅毒发病率处于历史低位，但仍有局部暴发情况发生。1999年10月7日，疾病控制与预防中心性传播疾病预防司与联邦及社区合作伙伴共同发布了《美国消除梅毒国家计划》。该计划的五项关键战略之一是对疫情进行快速应对。
对文献中有关疫情评估与应对的方法进行了综述、综合，并加以调整以用于梅毒疫情。
疫情评估与应对的关键要素包括检测、监测数据审查、假设生成、干预措施制定以及对临床、公共卫生和实验室服务的评估。
应对疫情需要社区参与以及跨学科的协同努力，以确定导致疫情的社会和行为因素，并制定有针对性的干预措施。
