Ricciardi C
Laboratorio di Tossicologia Comparata ed Ecotossicologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2000;36(3):369-74.
Human activity, involving nature and environment, alters the ecosystems in which we live; the question is whether this activity can be the source of risk and/or the origin of damages to human health. Risk assessment and risk management, connected with its protection, are not only a scientific and technical problem: hazards are real, but risks are social constructions. The role of toxicologists shows subjective features connected with different affiliations (industry, research, government); thus the assumptions and interpretations of risk assessment need to be integrated with wider psychological, social and political perspectives, in particular with ethical choices and values. Within public health personal subjectivities (genetic, biological and social) an adequate value should be given contrary to an abstract and collective entity which may erase and sacrifice subjectivities in favour of a statistical point of view. Public health should be considered as a whole of individual health conditions with regard to prevention, treatment and care.
涉及自然和环境的人类活动改变了我们所生活的生态系统；问题在于这种活动是否会成为风险源和/或对人类健康造成损害的根源。与人类健康保护相关的风险评估和风险管理，不仅仅是一个科学技术问题：危害是真实存在的，但风险是社会建构。毒理学家的角色呈现出与不同归属（行业、研究、政府）相关的主观特征；因此，风险评估的假设和解释需要与更广泛的心理、社会和政治视角相结合，特别是与伦理选择和价值观相结合。在公共卫生领域，相对于可能为了统计观点而消除和牺牲个体主观性的抽象集体实体，应该给予个人主观性（遗传、生物和社会方面）足够的重视。公共卫生应被视为在预防、治疗和护理方面个体健康状况的总和。
