Akiba T, Osaka K, Tang S, Nakayama M, Yamamoto A, Kurane I, Okabe N, Umenai T
Japan International Cooperation Agency Project Office, Human Resource Development Division/Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana.
Epidemiol Infect. 2001 Feb;126(1):81-8.
We conducted an epidemiological study of a Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak in the southwestern part of Nepal in 1997. A high density of JE infections was found and it was estimated that 27.9% the total population were infected with JE virus in the study area. The fatality rate was 13.2% and there was no difference in the fatality rate between males and females over 5 years old. However, the case fatality rate was 2.1 times higher in females than in males (14.6% vs. 6.9%) among children under 5 years of age. Fifty-three blood samples were collected from suspected JE cases during the epidemic period in 1998. Findings for JE specific IgM revealed that clinical diagnoses of JE were serologically confirmed in an average 78% (70-93%) of patients in three collaborating hospitals. These studies demonstrated that JE was highly prevalent in the area and clinical diagnoses were reliable. Effective preventive measures should be taken against this vaccine-preventable disease.
1997年，我们对尼泊尔西南部发生的一次日本脑炎（乙脑）疫情开展了一项流行病学研究。研究发现乙脑感染密度很高，据估计研究区域内总人口中有27.9%感染了乙脑病毒。病死率为13.2%，5岁以上男性和女性的病死率没有差异。然而，在5岁以下儿童中，女性的病死率比男性高2.1倍（14.6%对6.9%）。1998年疫情期间从疑似乙脑病例中采集了53份血样。乙脑特异性IgM检测结果显示，在三家合作医院中，平均78%（70 - 93%）的患者通过血清学确诊为临床诊断的乙脑。这些研究表明乙脑在该地区高度流行，临床诊断可靠。应针对这种可通过疫苗预防的疾病采取有效的预防措施。
