Siqueira L M, Rolnitzky L M, Rickert V I
Mt Sinai Adolescent Health Center, Box 1005, 320 E 94th St, New York, NY 10128, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001 Apr;155(4):489-95. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.155.4.489.
To compare perceived reasons for continued smoking and withdrawal symptoms between current smokers and quitters in an inner-city adolescent population. To examine the relationship of nicotine dependence, stress, and coping methods between smokers and quitters and, using the Transtheoretical Model of Change, among adjacent smoking cessation stages.
A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire.
The study comprised 354 clinic patients between the ages of 12 and 21 years who reported past or present smoking.
Demographic characteristics, smoking status, perceived reasons for continued smoking, attempts to quit, and withdrawal symptoms, as well as standardized scales assessing nicotine dependence, stress, and coping methods.
The overall prevalence of smoking in this population was 26%. Smokers were significantly more likely to report smoking more cigarettes per day as well as higher levels of physical addiction (P<.01), greater levels of perceived stress (P<.02), and less use of cognitive coping methods (P<.02) than quitters (P<.005). However, comparison of consecutive stages revealed a significant difference only between precontemplation and contemplation in cognitive coping methods (P<.01). Three of 20 withdrawal symptoms (cravings, difficulty dealing with stress, and anger) were reported more frequently among current smokers who had attempted to quit in the last 6 months than among former smokers (P<.01).
Interventions for inner-city adolescents who smoke should be designed to target those with the highest levels of nicotine dependence, stress, and decreased use of cognitive coping methods because they are the least likely to quit on their own, rather than developing stage-specific models.
比较市中心城区青少年人群中当前吸烟者与戒烟者持续吸烟的感知原因及戒断症状。研究吸烟者与戒烟者之间尼古丁依赖、压力和应对方法的关系，并运用行为改变阶段理论，研究相邻戒烟阶段之间的关系。
采用自填式问卷进行的横断面研究。
该研究纳入了354名年龄在12至21岁之间、报告有过去或当前吸烟史的门诊患者。
人口统计学特征、吸烟状况、持续吸烟的感知原因、戒烟尝试、戒断症状，以及评估尼古丁依赖、压力和应对方法的标准化量表。
该人群的总体吸烟率为26%。与戒烟者相比，吸烟者更有可能报告每天吸烟更多、身体成瘾程度更高（P<0.01）、感知压力水平更高（P<0.02），以及较少使用认知应对方法（P<0.02）（P<0.005）。然而，连续阶段的比较显示，仅在认知应对方法的未考虑阶段和考虑阶段之间存在显著差异（P<0.01）。在过去6个月内尝试戒烟的当前吸烟者中，20种戒断症状中的3种（渴望、难以应对压力和愤怒）的报告频率高于前吸烟者（P<0.01）。
针对市中心城区吸烟青少年的干预措施应针对尼古丁依赖程度最高、压力最大且较少使用认知应对方法的人群，因为他们自行戒烟的可能性最小，而不是制定特定阶段的模型。
