Turell M J, O'Guinn M L, Dohm D J, Jones J W
Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2001 Mar;38(2):130-4. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.130.
We evaluated the potential for several North American mosquito species to transmit the newly introduced West Nile (WN) virus. Mosquitoes collected in the New York City metropolitan area during the recent WN virus outbreak, at the Assateague Island Wildlife Refuge, VA, or from established colonies were allowed to feed on chickens infected with WN virus isolated from a crow that died during the 1999 outbreak. These mosquitoes were tested approximately 2 wk later to determine infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes atropalpus (Coquillett), and Aedes japonicus (Theobald) were highly susceptible to infection, and nearly all individuals with a disseminated infection transmitted virus by bite. Culex pipiens L. and Aedes sollicitans (Walker) were moderately susceptible. In contrast, Aedes vexans (Meigen), Aedes aegypti (L.), and Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) were relatively refractory to infection, but individual mosquitoes inoculated with WN virus did transmit virus by bite. Infected female Cx. pipiens transmitted WN virus to one of 1,618 F1 progeny, indicating the potential for vertical transmission of this virus. In addition to laboratory vector competence, host-feeding preferences, relative abundance, and season of activity also determine the role that these species could play in transmitting WN virus.
我们评估了几种北美蚊虫传播新引入的西尼罗河（WN）病毒的可能性。在近期WN病毒爆发期间于纽约市大都市区、弗吉尼亚州阿萨蒂格岛野生动物保护区采集的蚊虫，或从已建立的蚊群中获取的蚊虫，被允许叮咬感染了从1999年爆发期间死亡的一只乌鸦分离出的WN病毒的鸡。大约2周后对这些蚊虫进行检测，以确定感染、传播和传播率。白纹伊蚊（Skuse）、黑胸伊蚊（Coquillett）和日本伊蚊（Theobald）对感染高度敏感，几乎所有发生播散性感染的个体都能通过叮咬传播病毒。致倦库蚊（L.）和骚扰阿蚊（Walker）中度敏感。相比之下，刺扰伊蚊（Meigen）、埃及伊蚊（L.）和盐泽伊蚊（Wiedemann）对感染相对具有抗性，但接种了WN病毒的个别蚊虫确实能通过叮咬传播病毒。受感染的雌性致倦库蚊将WN病毒传播给了1618只F1后代中的一只，表明该病毒存在垂直传播的可能性。除了实验室中的媒介能力外，宿主取食偏好、相对丰度和活动季节也决定了这些蚊种在传播WN病毒中可能发挥的作用。
