Meyer P G
Int J Orofacial Myology. 2000 Nov;26:44-52.
A number of developmental changes occur in eating patterns from infancy through childhood. Initially a primitive reflexive process, deglutition develops into a complex, integrated voluntary/reflexive process. The movements of the tongue, lips and mandible are easily observed to undergo a transformation from synergistic, undifferentiated movements in the infant, to differentiated and refined movements required for biting, chewing, bolus formation and propulsion in the toddler and young child. This transformation is also crucial for the development of higher levels of articulatory precision and coordination required for verbal communication. This developmental process does not always occur in individuals exhibiting orofacial myofunctional disorders. This article will review current research in this area as well as describe how to evaluate for normal tongue, lip and jaw differentiation, and present exercises to develop these skills, which are necessary for successful outcomes in orofacial myofunctional treatment.
从婴儿期到儿童期，饮食模式会发生许多发育变化。吞咽最初是一个原始的反射过程，后来发展成为一个复杂的、综合的自主/反射过程。很容易观察到，舌头、嘴唇和下颌的运动从婴儿期协同的、无差别的运动，转变为幼儿和儿童咬、咀嚼、食团形成和推进所需的有差别的、精细的运动。这种转变对于言语交流所需的更高水平的发音精确性和协调性的发展也至关重要。在患有口面部肌功能障碍的个体中，这个发育过程并不总是会发生。本文将回顾该领域的当前研究，描述如何评估舌头、嘴唇和颌骨的正常分化，并介绍培养这些技能的练习，这些技能对于口面部肌功能治疗的成功结果是必不可少的。
