Valentino M, Rapisarda V
Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Ancona, Polo Scientifico di Torrette, I-60020 Torrette di Ancona, Italy.
Occup Med (Lond). 2001 Mar;51(2):114-7. doi: 10.1093/occmed/51.2.114.
In 1997, Italy had the highest number of tetanus cases in the European Union; cases in the Marches region were more numerous than in France or Germany. In a retrospective study of the patients infected in Marches in 1996-1999, subjects or relatives were interviewed to ascertain disease severity, infection mode, occupation and immunization state at the time of infection. There were 32 cases, 29 (90.6%) females and three (9.4%) males, mean age 74.65 years (SD 9.06). The raw annual incidence was 5.6 per million and raw annual mortality 0.5 (n = 3). Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) were agricultural workers and five (15.6%) housewives; 25 (78.2%) had never been vaccinated, two (6.2%) had been immunized several years earlier and five (15.6%) had received only the first dose of vaccine at least 15 years earlier. In Italy, tetanus vaccination is compulsory for agricultural workers. Occupational health physicians should monitor workers' tetanus immunization state during their periodic surveillance visits.
1997年，意大利是欧盟中破伤风病例数最多的国家；马尔凯大区的病例数比法国或德国更多。在一项针对1996年至1999年在马尔凯大区感染破伤风的患者的回顾性研究中，研究人员对患者本人或其亲属进行了访谈，以确定疾病严重程度、感染方式、职业以及感染时的免疫状态。共有32例病例，其中女性29例（90.6%），男性3例（9.4%），平均年龄74.65岁（标准差9.06）。年粗发病率为每百万人口5.6例，年粗死亡率为0.5（n = 3）。27名患者（84.4%）为农业工人，5名（15.6%）为家庭主妇；25名（78.2%）从未接种过疫苗，2名（6.2%）在几年前接种过疫苗，5名（15.6%）至少在15年前仅接种过第一剂疫苗。在意大利，农业工人必须接种破伤风疫苗。职业健康医生应在定期监督检查期间监测工人的破伤风免疫状态。
