Barger M A, Esch G W
Department of Biology Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA.
J Parasitol. 2001 Apr;87(2):250-5. doi: 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[0250:DCITCO]2.0.CO;2.
The spatial distribution of 6 parasite species (Myxobolus sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Sterliadochona ephemeridarum, Plagioporus sinitsini, Allopodocotyle chiliticorum, Allocreadium lucyae) was studied in 5 species of fishes (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Clinostomus funduloides, Notropis chiliticus, Rhinichthys atratulus, Semotilus atromaculatus) in Basin Creek, an Appalachian stream in North Carolina. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and vector fitting were used to determine if the proximity of sampling sites was related to community similarity. Position along Basin Creek was significantly related to parasite community structure. Breaks in parasite community composition were imposed by waterfalls at upstream areas of Basin Creek that restricted distributions of C. funduloides, N. chiliticus, and S. atromaculatus and at the downstream limit of the study area by a break in the distribution of S. ephemeridarum coincident with the existence of a dam but were independent of suitable piscine host distributions. These discontinuities in parasite community composition imply that the relationship between proximity of sites and community similarity is predictive because distance between sites is related to the probability that fish at different sampling sites recruit parasites from different species pools. This relationship is not the same for all component communities.
在北卡罗来纳州一条阿巴拉契亚溪流——盆地溪中，研究了5种鱼类（虹鳟、细纹底口鲇、奇利蒂克氏细须雅罗鱼、黑鼻软口鱼、黑斑赤梢鱼）体内6种寄生虫（粘体虫属、指环虫属、蜉蝣斯特氏吸虫、中华斜孔吸虫、奇利蒂克全腹吸虫、露西亚异肉吸虫）的空间分布。采用非度量多维标度法和向量拟合来确定采样点的接近程度是否与群落相似性相关。沿盆地溪的位置与寄生虫群落结构显著相关。盆地溪上游区域的瀑布限制了细纹底口鲇、奇利蒂克氏细须雅罗鱼和黑斑赤梢鱼的分布，从而导致寄生虫群落组成出现间断；在研究区域的下游边界，蜉蝣斯特氏吸虫分布的间断与一座大坝的存在相一致，这些间断均与合适的鱼类宿主分布无关。寄生虫群落组成中的这些不连续性意味着采样点接近程度与群落相似性之间的关系具有预测性，因为采样点之间的距离与不同采样点的鱼类从不同物种库中感染寄生虫的概率相关。这种关系并非对所有组成群落都相同。
