J Ir Dent Assoc. 2000;46(1):12-9, 22.
Smoking often results in discolourations of teeth and dental restorations. Halitosis, diminished taste and smell acuity are common side effects of smoking. Periodontal disease is increased both in prevalence and severity in smokers. Smoking cessation may halt the disease progression and improve the outcome of periodontal treatment. Oral cancer and precancer occurs much more frequently in smokers than in non-smokers. Smoking cessation significantly decreases the increased risk of oral cancer within 5-10 years. Dental implant failure rates are significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The entire dental team should be aware of the relationship between smoking and dental problems and should convey the message that non-smoking is the norm. Smoking counselling should be a fundamental part of the dental curriculum and any practice prevention programme.
吸烟常常导致牙齿及牙齿修复体变色。口臭、味觉和嗅觉减退是吸烟常见的副作用。吸烟者患牙周病的患病率和严重程度均有所增加。戒烟可能会阻止疾病进展并改善牙周治疗效果。吸烟者患口腔癌和癌前病变的几率比不吸烟者高得多。戒烟能在5至10年内显著降低患口腔癌风险的增加。吸烟者牙种植失败率明显高于不吸烟者。整个牙科团队都应了解吸烟与牙齿问题之间的关系，并应传递不吸烟才是常态的信息。吸烟咨询应成为牙科课程及任何预防措施计划的基本组成部分。
