Tobacco and oral diseases--report of EU Working Group, 1999.

Smoking often results in discolourations of teeth and dental restorations. Halitosis, diminished taste and smell acuity are common side effects of smoking. Periodontal disease is increased both in prevalence and severity in smokers. Smoking cessation may halt the disease progression and improve the outcome of periodontal treatment. Oral cancer and precancer occurs much more frequently in smokers than in non-smokers. Smoking cessation significantly decreases the increased risk of oral cancer within 5-10 years. Dental implant failure rates are significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The entire dental team should be aware of the relationship between smoking and dental problems and should convey the message that non-smoking is the norm. Smoking counselling should be a fundamental part of the dental curriculum and any practice prevention programme.