Morrow D, Carver L M, Leirer V O, Tanke E D
Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA.
Hum Factors. 2000 Winter;42(4):523-40. doi: 10.1518/001872000779698042.
The present study investigated whether older and younger adults use a schema to organize and remember spoken reminder messages for taking medication. Previous research has shown that older and younger adults share preferences for organizing printed instructions for taking medication, suggesting a shared schema. Older and younger participants in Experiment 1 of the present study used a similar schema to organize medication reminder messages. This finding suggests that the medication schema generalizes across communication purpose (to remind or to instruct) as well as across patient age. Medication reminder messages were better understood and remembered when organized to match this schema, whether the reminders were presented as automated telephone messages (Experiment 2) or in printed form (Experiment 3). Schema-compatible organization especially helped people draw inferences from the messages, suggesting that organization helps older and younger adults construct a situation model of the medication-taking task from the messages. Potential applications of organized messages include increasing the impact of automated systems for delivering health services.
本研究调查了老年人和年轻人是否会使用一种模式来组织和记忆服药的语音提醒信息。先前的研究表明，老年人和年轻人在组织服药的书面说明方面有共同的偏好，这表明存在一种共享模式。本研究实验1中的老年和青年参与者使用了相似的模式来组织服药提醒信息。这一发现表明，服药模式在不同的交流目的（提醒或指导）以及不同年龄的患者中都具有普遍性。无论提醒是以自动语音信息的形式呈现（实验2）还是以书面形式呈现（实验3），当服药提醒信息按照这种模式进行组织时，人们对其的理解和记忆效果会更好。与模式兼容的组织方式尤其有助于人们从信息中进行推理，这表明这种组织方式有助于老年人和年轻人从信息中构建服药任务的情境模型。有条理的信息的潜在应用包括增强提供健康服务的自动化系统的影响力。
