Transient enhancement and detuning of laser-driven parametric instabilities by particle trapping.

Kinetic simulations of backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS), where the Langmuir wave coherence time is greater than the bounce time for trapped electrons, yield transient reflectivity levels far above those predicted by fluidlike models. Electron trapping reduces the Langmuir wave damping and lowers the Langmuir wave frequency, and leads to a secular phase shift between the Langmuir wave and the BSRS beat ponderomotive force. This phase shift detunes and saturates BSRS and a similar effect, due to ion trapping, is the saturation mechanism for backward stimulated Brillouin scattering. Competition with forward SRS is discussed.