Yang X, Margolies D C, Zhu K Y, Buschman L L
Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-4004, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2001 Apr;94(2):381-7. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.381.
Adult female twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, reared on lima bean plants were moved to cucumber, maize, or new lima bean plants (the latter being a control) and evaluated after 24 h or 7 d for changes in susceptibility to three pesticides and in levels of related detoxification enzymes. The largest and most consistent changes were observed in mites feeding on cucumber. Susceptibility of mites on cucumber to the synthetic pyrethroids bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin was greater than that of mites reared on lima bean and maize after only 24 h on the plants, and remained higher after 7 d. Mites on cucumber also were more susceptible to the organophosphate dimethoate than were mites on lima bean, but only after 7 d on the host. Susceptibility was inversely related to activities of both general esterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in mites on cucumber; general esterase and GST activities were 60 and 25% lower, respectively, than activities of twospotted spider mite on lima bean after 7 d of feeding. Mites on maize were slightly but significantly more susceptible than those on lima bean to bifenthrin, but not to lambda-cyhalothrin, after 7 d and to dimethoate after 24 h but not after 7 d. General esterase and GST activities in twospotted spider mite fed on maize for 24 h were 20 and 16% higher, respectively, than activities in twospotted spider mite on lima bean, but general esterase activity was 30% lower than lima bean-fed mites and GST was not different after 7 d. Thus, plant-induced changes in general esterase activity, perhaps in combination with GST activity, in twospotted spider mite appear to be inversely related to, and possibly responsible for, changes in susceptibility of twospotted spider mite to several pesticides, particularly the synthetic pyrethroids. General esterases appear to play less of a role in the detoxification of the organophosphate insecticide dimethoate.
以利马豆植株饲养的成年雌性二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）被转移至黄瓜、玉米或新的利马豆植株（后者作为对照）上，并在24小时或7天后评估其对三种杀虫剂的敏感性变化以及相关解毒酶的水平。在取食黄瓜的叶螨中观察到最大且最一致的变化。仅在植株上取食24小时后，黄瓜上的叶螨对拟除虫菊酯类的联苯菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯的敏感性就高于在利马豆和玉米上饲养的叶螨，且在7天后仍保持较高水平。黄瓜上的叶螨对有机磷类的乐果也比利马豆上的叶螨更敏感，但仅在取食寄主7天后如此。敏感性与黄瓜上叶螨的总酯酶和谷胱甘肽S -转移酶（GST）的活性呈负相关；取食7天后，总酯酶和GST活性分别比在利马豆上的二斑叶螨低60%和25%。7天后，取食玉米的叶螨对联苯菊酯的敏感性比利马豆上的叶螨略高但显著，对高效氯氟氰菊酯则不然，24小时后对乐果敏感但7天后不敏感。取食玉米24小时的二斑叶螨的总酯酶和GST活性分别比在利马豆上的二斑叶螨高20%和16%，但7天后总酯酶活性比利马豆饲养的叶螨低30%，GST活性无差异。因此，植物诱导的二斑叶螨总酯酶活性变化，可能与GST活性共同作用，似乎与二斑叶螨对几种杀虫剂，特别是拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的敏感性变化呈负相关，并且可能是其原因。总酯酶在有机磷杀虫剂乐果的解毒过程中似乎作用较小。
