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抑制植物抗性可能是适应性食草动物的一个共同特征。

Suppression of Plant Resistance May Be a Common Trait Among Adapted Herbivores.

作者信息

Teodoro-Paulo Jéssica, Fernandes Carlos, Dong Lin, Magalhães Sara, Duncan Alison B, Alba Juan M, Kant Merijn R

机构信息

cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal.

Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.

出版信息

Ecol Evol. 2025 Jul 14;15(7):e71706. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71706. eCollection 2025 Jul.

Abstract

Herbivores have evolved distinct strategies to cope with plant defenses prior to becoming a pest. Some evolved resistance to toxic compounds; others suppress host toxin production. These traits seem to co-occur within herbivore species, particularly among spider mites, which are major pests in many crops. The intraspecific variation within the spider mites is a model for adaptive pest evolution on crops such as tomato. Empirical data collected from nonsolanaceous wild host plants suggest that natural populations predominantly comprise individuals capable of inducing tomato defenses, while a small proportion suppress these defenses. Additionally, resistant individuals are observed only rarely within these populations. This study aimed to investigate the presence of these traits within populations adapted to tomato plants. Here, populations sampled from tomato at three field sites were compared. To discriminate between mites that induce/suppress defenses and to assess their degree of resistance, the magnitude of induced defenses was measured and aligned with oviposition data. The expression of effector 84 was also assessed to determine whether its magnitude of expression is a good predictor of suppression with the magnitude of suppression. Surprisingly, we observed that suppression is the dominant phenotype in mite populations collected from field-grown tomatoes. Our results suggest that suppression may be rare only at the beginning of an herbivore's adaptive trajectory after colonization of a novel host but may rapidly become common due to natural selection. This suggests the possibility that suppression potentially represents a prevalent phenotype among host-adapted herbivores and, consequently, among pests.

摘要

食草动物在成为害虫之前已经进化出了独特的策略来应对植物防御。一些食草动物进化出了对有毒化合物的抗性;另一些则抑制宿主毒素的产生。这些特性似乎在食草动物物种中同时出现,尤其是在叶螨中,叶螨是许多作物中的主要害虫。叶螨的种内变异是番茄等作物上适应性害虫进化的一个模型。从非茄科野生寄主植物收集的经验数据表明,自然种群主要由能够诱导番茄防御的个体组成,而一小部分个体则抑制这些防御。此外,在这些种群中很少观察到抗性个体。本研究旨在调查适应番茄植株的种群中这些特性的存在情况。在这里,对从三个田间地点的番茄上采集的种群进行了比较。为了区分诱导/抑制防御的螨类并评估它们的抗性程度,测量了诱导防御的强度并将其与产卵数据进行比对。还评估了效应因子84的表达,以确定其表达强度是否是抑制强度的良好预测指标。令人惊讶的是,我们观察到抑制是从田间种植的番茄上采集的螨类种群中的主要表型。我们的结果表明,抑制可能仅在食草动物定殖到新宿主后的适应轨迹开始时很少见,但由于自然选择可能会迅速变得普遍。这表明抑制可能代表了宿主适应型食草动物以及因此在害虫中普遍存在的表型的可能性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/44fb/12259305/d0e2b8125f48/ECE3-15-e71706-g004.jpg

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