Lechuga M T, Marcos-Ruiz R, Bauer P J
Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educacion, Edificio D-2, Universidad de Jaen, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaen, Spain.
Memory. 2001 Mar;9(2):117-32. doi: 10.1080/09658210042000111.
It is clear that children generalise their knowledge of events from one instantiation to another. The means by which generalisation is accomplished are unclear. In three experiments, we used elicited imitation of multi-step sequences to test whether 25-month-olds' generalisation occurs as a function of forgetting of the features of the original event. Experiment 1 was an initial test of generalisation from one version of an event to another version involving perceptually different yet functionally analogous props. After a 1-week delay, children showed evidence of generalisation by enacting the event using the analogous props. Experiment 2 was a within-subject test of generalisation and memory for the original version of an event. After a 1-week delay, when paired with unrelated distractor props, analogous props served as effective retrieval cues; when paired with the original props, analogous props were treated as functionally equivalent to unrelated distractors. This within-subject reversal in the functional role of analogous props is compelling evidence that children's event representations include specific features and, at the same time, are generalisable. In Experiment 3, children showed evidence of generalisation immediately after exposure to an event, thereby making clear that generalisation occurs even in the face of robust memory for the specific features of the original event.
很明显，儿童会将他们对事件的知识从一个实例推广到另一个实例。但推广是通过何种方式实现的尚不清楚。在三个实验中，我们使用对多步骤序列的诱发模仿来测试25个月大的婴儿的推广是否作为对原始事件特征遗忘的函数而发生。实验1是对从一个事件版本到另一个涉及感知上不同但功能上类似道具的版本的推广的初步测试。经过1周的延迟后，儿童通过使用类似道具来演绎该事件，表现出了推广的迹象。实验2是对一个事件的原始版本的推广和记忆的主体内测试。经过1周的延迟后，当与不相关的干扰道具配对时，类似道具充当了有效的检索线索；当与原始道具配对时，类似道具被视为在功能上等同于不相关的干扰物。类似道具在功能角色上的这种主体内反转是有力的证据，表明儿童的事件表征包括特定特征，同时也是可推广的。在实验3中，儿童在接触一个事件后立即表现出推广的迹象，从而表明即使面对对原始事件特定特征的强烈记忆，推广也会发生。
