Fernie K J, Smits J E, Bortolotti G R, Bird D M
Avian Science and Conservation Centre, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2001 Apr;20(4):776-81.
While reproduction of wild birds is adversely affected by multiple environmental contaminants, we determined that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alone alter reproduction. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius), fed PCB-spiked (Aroclor 1248:1254:1260) food (7 mg/kg body weight/d) prior to and during the first breeding season only (100 d) laid eggs with environmentally relevant levels of total PCBs (34.0 microg/g whole egg wet wt vs 0 microg/g for controls). Reproduction changed during, not after, PCB exposure in this two-year study. The PCB-exposed pairs laid smaller clutches later in the season and laid more totally infertile clutches. Hatching success was reduced in PCB-exposed pairs, and 50% of PCB nestlings died within 3 d of hatching. Nearly 60% of PCB-exposed pairs with hatchlings failed to produce fledglings. Higher levels of total PCB residues and congeners were associated with later clutch initiation and fewer fertile eggs, hatchlings, and fledglings. We suggest that nonpersistent PCB congeners have a greater influence on reproduction than do persistent congeners.
虽然野生鸟类的繁殖受到多种环境污染物的不利影响，但我们确定仅多氯联苯（PCBs）就会改变繁殖情况。仅在第一个繁殖季节（100天）之前和期间，给圈养的美洲红隼（Falco sparverius）投喂添加了多氯联苯（Aroclor 1248:1254:1260）的食物（7毫克/千克体重/天），所产蛋中总多氯联苯的含量与环境相关（全蛋湿重为34.0微克/克，而对照组为0微克/克）。在这项为期两年的研究中，多氯联苯暴露期间而非暴露后繁殖情况发生了变化。暴露于多氯联苯的配对在季节后期产蛋量减少，且产更多完全不育的蛋。暴露于多氯联苯的配对孵化成功率降低，50%的多氯联苯雏鸟在孵化后3天内死亡。近60%有雏鸟的多氯联苯暴露配对未能育出幼鸟。总多氯联苯残留和同系物含量较高与产蛋开始时间较晚以及可育蛋、雏鸟和幼鸟数量较少有关。我们认为，非持久性多氯联苯同系物对繁殖的影响比持久性同系物更大。
